第30课。问题。

Lesson 30. Questions.

当您提出问题时，您要求某人提供信息，或要求他们做某事。

When you ask a question, you are asking someone for information, or asking them to do something.

学习一门语言时，你需要提出很多问题。

When learning a language, you need to ask many questions.

有三种问题：封闭，开放和修辞。

There are three kinds of question: Closed, Open and Rhetorical.

在撰写问题时，请用问号结束句子。

When writing a question, end the sentence with a question mark.

封闭的问题

CLOSED QUESTIONS

当您想要 “yes/no”(“是/否”) 答案时，您会询问一个已结束的问题。 封闭式问题通常包括以下词语：“are you”(“你是你”)，“do you”(“你是你”) 还是“have you”“拥有你”。 例子：

You ask a Closed Question when you want a "yes/no" answer. Closed questions usually include these words: "are you", "do you" and "have you". Examples:

你有电影的售票吗？

Do you have any tickets for sale for the movie, please?

你在学英语吗？

Are you learning to speak English?

你喜欢流行音乐吗？

Do you like pop music?

你有50美元的变化，好吗？

Have you got change for $ 50, please?

你能把这件礼物包好吗？

Can you wrap that gift for me, please?

当一个句子涉及动词“将来”（“我是”，“你是”等）时，你通常可以通过交换动词和“他/她/你......”这个词来形成一个问题。 名词：

When a sentence involves the verb "to be" ("I am", "you are" etc) you can often make it into a question by swapping the verb and the "he/she/it/you..." word or noun:

这些示例中使用的右箭头符号（->）表示“变为”。

The right-arrow symbol (->) used in these examples means "becomes".

我正在努力。 -> 我在努力工作吗？

I am working hard. -> Am I working hard?

你正在乘火车。 -> 你坐火车吗？

You are taking that train. -> Are you taking that train, please?

他正在喝咖啡。 - > 他在喝咖啡吗？

He is drinking coffee. -> Is he drinking coffee?

天色已晚。 巴士晚了。 -> 迟到了吗？ 请问公交车晚了吗？

It is late. The bus is late. -> Is it late? Is the bus late, please?

我们很早。 - >我们早点吗？

We are early. -> Are we early?

他们衣着整洁。 - >他们穿着得体吗？

They are well-dressed. -> Are they well-dressed?

注意：在英语语法中，您在第5课中首次学习为“性别词”的“他/她/它/你...”的技术名称是“人称代词”。 后来有一个关于代词的教训。

Note: In English grammar, the technical name for "he/she/it/you..." which you first learned in Lesson 5 as "Gender words", is "Personal Pronouns". There is a lesson on pronouns later.

当动词“have”是句子的一部分时，用“do / does”开始问题：

When the verb "have" is part of the sentence, start the question with "do/does":

你有时间聊天。 -> 你有时间聊天吗？

You have time for a chat. -> Do you have time for a chat, please?

你有生日贺卡。 -> 你有生日贺卡吗？ 或者你有生日贺卡吗？

You have birthday cards. -> Do you have birthday cards? OR Have you got birthday cards, please?

当其他动词是句子的一部分时，用“do / does”开始问题，并将动词结尾（如果需要）更改为与“I”一起使用的结尾。

When other verbs are part of the sentence, start the question with "do/does" and change the verb ending (if you need to), to the ending you use with "I".

例如，“she speaks”变成“does she speak”，因为动词的“I”案例是“I speak”。 “He eats”变成“does he eat”，因为动词的“I”是“I eat”。

For example, "she speaks" becomes "does she speak", because the "I" case of the verb is "I speak". "He eats" becomes "does he eat", because the "I" case of the verb is "I eat".

她说得很好。 ->她说得好吗？

She speaks well. -> Does she speak well?

他吃了一顿健康的早餐。 ->他吃健康的早餐吗？

He eats a healthy breakfast. -> Does he eat a healthy breakfast?

他喝咖啡。 ->他喝咖啡吗？

He drinks coffee. -> Does he drink coffee?

你提供食物。 ->请你提供食物吗？

You serve food. -> Do you serve food, please?

他有一辆昂贵的汽车。 ->他有一辆昂贵的车吗？

He has an expensive car. -> Does he have an expensive car?

她给了很好的按摩。 ->她按摩了吗？

She gives a good massage. -> Does she give a good massage?

你想要油。 ->你想要油吗？

You want oil. -> Do you want oil?

您还可以通过在语句末尾添加称为“标记问题”的短语来提出已结束的问题。 如果该陈述是肯定的，则该标签是否定的。 如果该陈述是否定的，则该标记为正。 仔细想想这些例子：

You can also make an closed question by adding a short phrase called a "Tag Question", to the end of a statement. If the statement is positive, the tag is negative. If the statement is negative, the tag is positive. Think about these examples carefully:

她说得很好。 ->她说得好，不是吗？

She speaks well. -> She speaks well, doesn't she?

她说话不好。 ->她说得不好，是吗？

She doesn't speak well. -> She doesn't speak well, does she?

他吃了一顿健康的早餐。 ->他吃了一顿健康的早餐，不是吗？

He eats a healthy breakfast. -> He eats a healthy breakfast, doesn't he?

他不吃健康的早餐。 ->他不吃健康的早餐，是吗？

He doesn't eat a healthy breakfast. -> He doesn't eat a healthy breakfast, does he?

你提供食物。 ->你送食物，不是吗？

You serve food. -> You serve food, don't you?

你不提供食物。 ->你没有提供食物，是吗？

You don't serve food. -> You don't serve food, do you?

她给了很好的按摩。 ->她给了很好的按摩，不是吗？

She gives a good massage. -> She gives a good massage, doesn't she?

她没有给予很好的按摩。 ->她没有给予很好的按摩，是吗？

She doesn't give a good massage. -> She doesn't give a good massage, does she?

你想要油。 ->你要油，不是吗？

You want oil. -> You want oil, don't you?

你不想要油。 ->你不要油，是吗？

You don't want oil. -> You don't want oil, do you?

你可以解决这个问题。 ->你可以解决这个问题，不是吗？

You can fix this. -> You can fix this, can't you?

你无法解决这个问题。 ->你无法解决这个问题，可以吗？

You can't fix this. -> You can't fix this, can you?

这些问题非常直接。 他们直截了当，听起来有点粗鲁。

These questions are very direct. They come straight to the point, and can sound a bit rude.

如果它们不是标记问题，您通常可以添加“please”。 请注意，将“please”添加到标签问题听起来会很愚蠢。

If they are NOT tag questions, you can usually add "please". Note that adding "please" to a tag question will sound silly.

但是通过将问题转化为间接问题，有一种更礼貌的方式来提问。

But there's a more polite way of asking questions, by turning them into INDIRECT questions.

一种方法是从“你知道吗......”开始。 您需要稍微重新排列问题的其余部分。 以下是示例：

One way is to start with "Do you know...". You need to slightly rearrange the remainder of the question. Here are examples:

你有电影的售票吗？ - >你知道这部电影是否有售票？

Do you have any tickets for sale for the movie, please? -> Do you know if there are any tickets for sale for the movie, please?

请问公交车晚了吗？ - >你知道公共汽车是否迟到了吗？

Is the bus late, please? -> Do you know if the bus is late, please?

她给了一个很好的按摩吗？ ->你知道她是否给了一个很好的按摩吗？

Does she give a good massage? -> Do you know if she gives a good massage, please?

另一种方式是从“你能告诉我......”开始。 以下是示例：

Another way is to start with "Could you tell me...". Here are examples:

你能告诉我这部电影是否有售票？

Could you tell me if there are any tickets for sale for the movie, please?

你能告诉我公交车是否迟到了吗？

Could you tell me if the bus is late, please?

你能告诉我她是否给了一个很好的按摩吗？

Could you tell me if she gives a good massage, please?

或者你可以从“你介意告诉我......”，“你能告诉我......”或“它是否可能......”开始

Or you can start with "Would you mind telling me...", "Can you tell me..." or "Would it be possible to..."

啊，英文！ 有很多方法可以说同样的话！

Aah, English! So many ways to say the same thing!

或者你可以给出一个包含一些问题的答案：“是的，我们提供食物。” 或者“不，我不想要油，谢谢。”

Or you can give an answer that includes some of the question: "Yes, we serve food." or "No, I don't want oil, thanks."

"Yes, we serve food." or "No, I don't want oil, thanks."

开放式问题

OPEN QUESTIONS

打开的问题不能用“是/否”来回答。

An open question cannot be answered with a "yes/no".

您在一个未解决的问题中得到的答案通常是对某事的描述或对某事的看法。

The answer you receive to an open question will usually be a description of something, or an opinion about something.

开放式问题通常以这些词开头：

Open questions usually start with these words:

什么，何时，何地，哪个，谁 / 谁，谁的，为什么以及如何。

what, when, where, which, who / whom, whose, why and how.

什么：请求对象的描述，或其名称或类似的东西

what: asks for a description of an object, or its name, or something similar

何时：询问过去发生的事情或将来发生的事情

when: asks about the time that something happened in the past, or will happen in the future

何地：询问物体的位置或位置

where: asks about the place or position of an object

哪个：从一组对象中询问一个对象

which: asks about one object out of a collection of objects

谁/谁：询问某人的身份

who/whom: asks about someone's identity

谁的：询问某事物的所有权（占有权）

whose: asks about ownership (possession) of something

为什么：要求某种原因是它的方式，或者以它的方式发生

why: asks for a reason that something is the way it is, or happens the way it does

如何/多少：询问某事的完成方式或成本。

how/how much: asks about the way in which something is done, or its cost.

例子：

Examples:

你叫什么名字？

What's your name, please?

请问这辆公共汽车什么时候开？

When does this bus leave, please?

你从哪里来的？

Where do you come from?

这列火车去哪儿了？

Where does this train go?

哪个品牌的涂料持续时间最长？

Which brand of paint lasts longest?

你是谁？

Who are you?

那边的红色车是谁的？

Whose is the red car over there?

为什么我要支付停车费？

Why do I have to pay for parking?

这台机器运行得如此之快？

How does this machine operate so quickly?

请一小时按摩多少钱？

How much is an hour's massage, please?

你几岁？

How old are you?

注意：虽然当你谈论某个动作的对象时，“谁”在语法上是正确的，但它被认为是非常正式的，如果你使用它，你可能会收到奇怪的目光。 是的，我们变懒了！

Note: although "whom" is grammatically correct when you are talking about the object of some action, it's considered very formal and you may receive strange glances if you use it. Yes, we've become lazy!

“你看到了谁？” 通常会表达为“你看到了谁？”

"Whom did you see?" would normally be expressed as "Who did you see?"

您也可以使这类问题间接发生：

You can make this type of question INDIRECT too:

你知道这班车离开的时候吗？

Do you know when this bus leaves, please?

你知道这列火车去哪儿了吗？

Do you know where this train goes, please?

你知道哪个牌子的油漆持续时间最长吗？

Do you know which brand of paint lasts longest, please?

请记住：英语中的“神奇词汇”是“请”！

Remember: the "magic word" in English is "please"!!!

修辞问题

RHETORICAL QUESTIONS

修辞问题是一个不需要答案的问题。

A rhetorical question is a question that does not require an answer.

询问问题的人希望自己回答问题，以此作为向他/她的听众传达想法的一种方式。

Either the person asking the question expects to answer it himself, as a way of getting an idea across to his/her audience.

或者询问的人认为只有一个答案是可能的。

Or the person asking believes that only one answer is possible.

例如：

For example:

你想变得富有吗？

Would you like to be rich?

谁不爱澳大利亚？

Who doesn't love Australia?