课113：更多的单词有多种含义：H

Lesson 113: More Words with Many Meanings: H

HAMMER 锤 / 锤子 / 锤骨 / 搥

hammer (n), hammers (pl): A tool with a heavy head and a handle, used for breaking objects or changing their shape, or for driving nails into them. 具有沉重的头部和手柄的工具，用于折断物体或改变其形状或将钉子钉入其中。 Example: John has a selection of hammers, large and small, in his workshop. 示例：John在他的工作室中选择了各种大小的锤子。

hammer (n): In sports, a device made of a heavy steel ball (7.3 kg, the equivalent of 16 pounds in weight in old "Imperial" measurements) attached to a length of wire, and used for a throwing contest. 在体育运动中，一种由重钢球（7.3千克，相当于旧的“英制”尺寸的重量为16磅）制成的装置，附接到一段电线上，用于投掷比赛。 Example: You must be strong and heavy to compete in the Hammer Competition. 示例：您必须坚强才能参加锤子比赛。

hammer (n): Part of a piano, a piece of wood covered in felt that strikes a string. 钢琴的一部分，用毛毡覆盖的一块木头敲打琴弦。 Example: The hammer is only one part of a complicated mechanism for each of the 88 keys in a piano. 示例：对于钢琴中的88个琴键，锤子只是复杂机构的一部分。

hammer (n): Part of a "firearm" (= a small gun that can be held in your hands) that strikes the firing pin to shoot a bullet. “枪支”（=可以握在手中的小枪）的一部分，撞到撞针以发射子弹。 Example: The shooter pulled the trigger of her pistol, the hammer struck the firing pin and the gun kicked in her hand as the bullet fired. 示例：射击者拉动手枪的扳机，锤子击中撞针，子弹发射时，枪在她的手中踢了。

hammer (n): A small bone, part of the middle ear, that transfers sound vibrations from the eardrum. Its anatomical name is "malleus". 一小块骨头，是中耳的一部分，可传递来自鼓膜的声音振动。 它的解剖学名称是“ malleus”。 Example: Ernie's doctor told him that he had a problem with the hammer in his right ear, which made him partially deaf. 示例：Ernie的医生告诉他，右耳的锤子有问题，这使他部分失聪。

hammer (n): Part of a mechanical clock that strikes a bell to sound an alarm. 机械钟的一部分，敲钟即可发出警报。 Example: Old-fashioned alarm clocks have two bells on the top, and a hammer strikes them both to wake you up, loudly! 示例：老式闹钟的顶部有两个铃铛，用锤子敲打它们都可以将您大声叫醒！

hammer (v): To hit something using a hammer. 用锤子砸东西 Example: Frank hammered two nails into a plank, so that they did not protrude (= stick up). 示例：弗兰克（Frank）将两个钉子钉在一块木板上，以使它们不突出（=固定）。 I/you/we/they/ hammer, he/she/it/ hammers. /am/is/are/ hammering. /all/ hammered. /was/were/ hammering. /shall/will/ hammer. /shall/will/ be hammering.

hammer (v): To change the shape of something using a hammer. 用锤子改变某物的形状 Example: The mechanic hammered a dent out of a metal panel. 示例：技工从金属面板上敲出一个凹痕。

hammer (v): To emphasize a point by saying it over and over. Usually said as "to hammer home". 通过一遍又一遍地强调一个观点。 通常被称为“重锤回家”。 Example: The teacher made sure she hammered home the important points of the lesson. 例子：老师确保她把本课的重点锤了回家。

hammer (v): In sports, to hit something particularly hard. 在运动中，要击打特别困难的东西。 Example: The boxer hammered his opponent's arms and shoulders. 示例：拳击手锤击对手的手臂和肩膀。

hammer (v): In sports, to defeat somebody, or some team of people, thoroughly. 在体育运动中，彻底击败某人或某队人。 Example: Muriel and Frank watched their footy team get absolutely hammered by the team they were playing. 示例：穆里尔（Muriel）和弗兰克（Frank）看着他们的脚步队完全被他们所踢的球队所打。

HAND 巴掌 / 手 / 笔迹 / 雇员 / 递交

hand (n), hands (pl): The end part of a human's arm below the wrist. 人的手臂腕部下方的末端。 Many other animals also have hands. 许多其他动物也有手。 Examples: Alice accidentally cut her hand while using a very sharp knife. 示例：爱丽丝在使用一把非常锋利的刀时意外割伤了手。 John took Yan by both hands and kissed her. 约翰双手抱住艳并吻了她。

hand (n): A pointer on a dial, such as the hour and minute hands on an analog clock (= a clock which is not digital). 表盘上的指针，例如模拟时钟（=非数字时钟）上的时针和分针。 Example: Fred was bored, and watched the second hand of the office clock as it slowly ticked towards knocking-off time. 例子：弗雷德很无聊，看着办公室时钟的秒针，它慢慢地滴答地走到敲钟时间。

hand (n): A measurement of a horse's height, approximately 10.4 cm. 一匹马的身高，约10.4厘米。 Example: The racehorse stood 14 hands high, measured from the ground to its "withers", the ridge between its shoulder-blades. 示例：从地面到其“枯萎”，即其肩between骨之间的脊线，赛马高14双手。

hand (n): A side or direction on an object. 物体上的侧面或方向。 Example: Bert was standing on Ernie's left hand. 例子：伯特站在厄尼的左手上。

"left-hand" / "right-hand" = the direction of the thread on a screw. “左手” /“右手” =螺钉上螺纹的方向。 Example: Most screws have right-hand threads. 示例：大多数螺钉都有右旋螺纹。 However gas connections (like you see on a barbecue) are generally left-hand thread! 但是，气体连接（如您在烧烤炉上看到的）通常是左旋螺纹！

hand (n): A workman, who may have a special skill or training. 可能具有特殊技能或培训的工人。 Seamen on a ship are called "hands". 船上的海员被称为“手”。 Examples: On the sinking ship, all hands ran to lower the lifeboats. 示例：在下沉的船上，所有人员都用力降低救生艇。 The company had so many orders, they were short of factory hands to fill them. 该公司的订单太多，以至于工厂都无法填补这些订单。

hand (n): An act of helping. 一种帮助的行为。 Examples: Muriel asked Frank "Can you give me a hand in the garden, dear?" 例子：穆里尔问弗兰克“亲爱的，你能帮我在花园里吗？” A friend of Sandra's had a big hand in organising a concert. 桑德拉（Sandra）的一个朋友在组织音乐会方面发挥了很大的作用。

hand (n): A person's style of handwriting. 一个人的笔迹风格。 Example: Alice has a very distinctive hand, with big loops on letters such as "L". 示例：爱丽丝的手非常有特色，在诸如“ L”的字母上有很大的圈。

hand (n): In a card game, the set of cards held by a player. 在纸牌游戏中，玩家持有的一组纸牌。 Example: Bert was dealt a poor hand, so he decided to fold. 例子：伯特得到了一个较差的牌，所以他决定弃牌。

hand (n): A bunch of bananas. 一束香蕉。 Example: Sandra bought two hands of bananas at the fruiterer. 桑德拉在水果商那里买了两手香蕉。

hand (n): Applause. 掌声。 Example: The singer was given a good hand after her performance. 例子：歌手在表演后得到了很好的帮助。

"in your hands" = you have the power to direct something. “掌握在手中” =您有能力指挥某事。 Example: When Betty's boss goes on holiday, running the team is in her hands. 示例：当Betty的老板去度假时，管理团队就在她的手中。

"hand signals" = a way of communicating with somebody using your hands. “手势” =一种与您的手进行交流的方式。 Example: Most people in the World know the hand signals for "stop" and "go"! 示例：世界上大多数人都知道“停止”和“前进”的手势！

"a bargaining hand" = a position when negotiating with someone. “讨价还价的手” =与某人谈判时的位置。 Example: The Union has a strong bargaining hand to negotiate a wage rise for its members. 示例：工会有很强的讨价还价能力来谈判其成员的工资上涨。

hand (v): To pick something up and give it to somebody. 拿起东西给别人。 Example: Frank carefully handed Muriel a knife he had sharpened. 例子：弗兰克小心翼翼地递给穆里尔一把磨刀。 I/you/we/they/ hand, he/she/it/ hands. /am/is/are/ handing. /all/ handed. /was/were/ handing. /shall/will/ hand. /shall/will/ be handing.

"hand luggage" = luggage that can be picked up and carried in your hand. “手提行李” =可以拿起并随手携带的行李。

"to ask for someone's hand" = to ask permission from a woman's parent or guardian to marry her. “求助某人的手” =征求一名妇女的父母或监护人的同意与她结婚。 Not very common in modern Western societies. 在现代西方社会中不是很常见。 Example: Kumar visited his girlfriend's family in India to ask for her hand in marriage. 例如：库玛（Kumar）拜访了印度女友的家人，要求她结婚。

HANDLE 手柄 / 把手 / 处理 / 办理 / 应付

handle (n), handles (pl): A part of an object by which it is carried or held. 物体的一部分，用于搬运或保持。 Example: Most frying-pans have insulated handles. 示例：大多数平底锅带有绝缘手柄。

handle (n): An understanding of a mechanism or a situation. 对机制或情况的理解。 Examples: Frank said "I just need to get a handle on how to assemble these bookcases!" 示例：弗兰克说：“我只需要了解如何组装这些书架！” The public needs to get a handle on this developing political crisis. 公众需要处理这场不断发展的政治危机。

handle (n) [SL:] A name or nickname for someone. 某人的名字或昵称。 Example: Because of his orangey-red hair, the man's handle was "Red". 示例：由于他的橘红色头发，该人的手柄为“红色”。

handle (n): In computer programming, a reference to a variable or structure. 在计算机编程中，对变量或结构的引用。 Example: Opening a computer file creates a handle which the programmer uses to work with the file. 示例：打开计算机文件会创建一个句柄，程序员可以使用该句柄来处理文件。

handle (v): To hold or feel with your hands. 握住或用手感觉。 Example: People who handle food need to be very hygienic. 示例：处理食物的人必须非常卫生。 I/you/we/they/ handle, he/she/it/ handles. /am/is/are/ handling (note spelling, no -E). /all/ handled (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ handling. /shall/will/ handle. /shall/will/ be handling.

handle (v): To manage or control an object, person or situation. 管理或控制物体，人或情况。 Examples: When her Boss is on holiday, Betty handles the team very well. 示例：当老板度假时，贝蒂会很好地处理团队。 Handling a large ship is very different to handling a small sailing boat! 处理大型船舶与处理小型帆船有很大不同！ This crane is designed to handle loads up to 2 tonnes. 该起重机设计用于承受2吨的负载。

handle (v): To buy and sell goods (they are said to "pass through your hands"). 买卖商品（据说它们“通过您的手”）。 Example: Do you want to buy Bitcoin? I know someone who handles it. 示例：您想购买比特币吗？ 我知道有人来处理。

handle (v): To put up with some situation. 忍受一些情况。 Example: Sandra handled her father's death poorly. 例子：桑德拉对父亲的去世处理不善。

HARM 损害 / 害 / 坏处 / 危害 / 伤害 / 损害

harm (n), harms (pl): Physical injury. 人身伤害。 Examples: Everyone in the crashed car was rescued without harm. 例子：撞车中的每个人都被救出而没有受到伤害。 Smoking or drinking alcohol when you are pregnant can cause harm to your baby. 怀孕时吸烟或饮酒可能会对宝宝造成伤害。

harm (n): Emotional injury. 情绪上的伤害。 Example: Continual domestic violence can do great harm to the woman. 示例：持续的家庭暴力可能对妇女造成极大伤害。

harm (n): Misfortune. 不幸。 Example: Breaking his leg caused harm to his career as a footballer. 示例：摔断腿对足球运动员的职业造成伤害。

harm (n): Something which causes injury or damage. 引起伤害或损坏的东西。 Examples: I can't see any harm in the kids playing by themselves in the woods. 例子：我看不到孩子们在树林里玩耍的任何伤害。 Running the engine without cooling for more than 5 minutes will cause harm. 在没有冷却的情况下运行发动机超过5分钟会造成伤害。

harm (v): To cause physical or emotional injury. 造成身体或精神上的伤害。 Examples: Smoking or drinking alcohol when you are pregnant can harm your baby. 示例：怀孕时吸烟或饮酒会伤害宝宝。 Running the engine without cooling for more than 5 minutes will harm it. 在不冷却的情况下运转发动机超过5分钟会对其造成伤害。 Continual domestic violence can greatly harm a woman. 持续的家庭暴力会严重伤害妇女。 I/you/we/they/ harm, he/she/it/ harms. /am/is/are/ harming. /all/ harmed. /was/were/ harming. /shall/will/ harm. /shall/will/ be harming.

harm (v): To cause economic damage. 造成经济损失。 Example: Breaking his leg harmed the footballer's career and ability to make money. 示例：摔断腿伤害了这位足球运动员的职业生涯和赚钱能力。

HATE 恼恨 / 怼 / 讨厌 / 恨 / 怨恨

hate (n), hates (pl): An intense dislike of someone or something. Also called "hatred". 对某人或某物的强烈厌恶。 也称为“仇恨”。 Example: Hatred is a very negative feeling, and feelings of hate and revenge are not good for your mental health. 示例：仇恨是一种非常消极的感觉，仇恨和复仇的感觉不利于您的心理健康。

hate (n): An object of hatred. 仇恨的对象。 Example: That corrupt politician is my big hate! 例子：那个腐败的政客是我的最大恨！

"a hate campaign" = a series of actions against someone that creates a feeling of community hate. “仇恨运动” =针对某人的一系列行动，这些活动产生了社区仇恨感。 Example: The Councillor says she was the target of a hate campaign to force her to resign. 例子：议员说她是强迫她辞职的仇恨运动的目标。

hate (v): To feel intense dislike of someone or something. 使人强烈不喜欢某人或某物。 Examples: A married couple who live 2 doors away from Frank and Muriel hate each other, and fight like cat and dog. 例子：一对离弗兰克（Frank）和穆里尔（Muriel）两扇门的夫妻彼此憎恨，像猫和狗一样战斗。 I would hate to live in that dump of a town! 我不想住在那个小镇的垃圾场！ I/you/we/they/ hate, he/she/it/ hates. /am/is/are/ hating (note spelling, no -E). /all/ hated (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ hating. /shall/will/ hate. /shall/will/ be hating.

"I hate to bother you" = a polite way of apologising to somebody, if you need something from them but they are obviously busy. “我讨厌打扰您” =如果您需要别人的帮助，但他们显然很忙，这是一种礼貌地向某人道歉的方式。 Example: "I hate to bother you, Sandra," said Alice, "but I could do with a hand with this program". 例子：“我讨厌打扰你，桑德拉，”爱丽丝说，“但是我可以帮忙做这个程序。”

HEAD 头 / 头部 / 主任 / 为首 / 率领 / 前进

head (n), heads (pl): The part of the body of an animal which contains the brain, mouth, and main sense organs. 动物的身体的一部分，包含大脑，嘴巴和主要的感觉器官。 Example: David forgot to duck and banged his head on a low doorway. 例子：大卫忘了躲起来，在低矮的门口撞了撞头。

head (n): The end of a table. 表的末尾。 Example: At a birthday party, the person whose birthday it is, is often seated at the head of the table. 示例：在生日聚会上，生日的人通常坐在桌子的头上。

head (n): The leading part of an object. 对象的前导部分。 Example: The arrowhead was made of stainless steel. 示例：箭头由不锈钢制成。

head (n): The foam that forms on top of beer or other carbonated drinks. 在啤酒或其他碳酸饮料上形成的泡沫。 Example: Bert sucked at the head on his pint of beer. 例子：伯特用一品脱啤酒吮吸头部。

head (n): A headland. 岬角。 Example: During our last holiday we stayed at a place called "Evan's Head", named after the sailor who saw it first. 示例：在我们的最后一个假期中，我们住在一个名为“埃文的头”的地方，这个地方以首先看到它的水手的名字命名。

head (n): A leader of a group. 小组的负责人。 Example: The head of the Catholic Church apologised for historical sex abuse by clergy. 示例：天主教会的负责人为神职人员的历史性虐待而道歉。

head (n): A headmaster or headmistress of a school (in Australia, these words have generally been replaced by the Americanism "principal"). 学校的校长或女校长（在澳大利亚，这些词通常被美国主义的“原理”代替）。 Example: The private school's head apologised for the behaviour of some of his students. 例子：私立学校的校长为他的一些学生的行为道歉。

"a head for" = an ability to deal with something. “迎头而来” =处理某事的能力。 Examples: Alice has a good head for figures. 例子：爱丽丝很擅长数字。 John has a poor head for heights. 约翰不擅长高空作业。

head (n): A person or animal, treated as a number. 人或动物，被视为数字。 Examples: Admission to the concert is $ 40 a head. 例子：演唱会的门票是每人40美元。 The farmer sent 70 head of cattle to market. 农夫把70头牛卖给了市场。

head (n): On a ship, the name given to a toilet. 在船上，厕所的名字。 Example: The heads are located on the starboard (= right-hand) side, on every deck. 示例：头部位于每个甲板上的右舷（=右手）一侧。

head (n): A crisis. 一场危机。 Example: A rise in the cost of bread brought the public unrest in Guatemala to a head. 例子：面包成本的上涨使危地马拉的公众动荡达到了顶峰。

head (n): The difference in height between the top and bottom of a column of fluid, which produces pressure. 一列液体的顶部和底部之间的高度差，该高度差会产生压力。 Example: To get water from a hydrant up 6 floors, the fire engine's pump needs to provide a head of at least 12 metres. 示例：要从6层的消防栓中取水，消防车的泵需要提供至少12米的扬程。

head (n): Describes pressure in a machine. 描述机器中的压力。 Example: The locomotive (= steam engine) had a good head of steam. 示例：机车（=蒸汽机）的蒸汽压强很高。

"boofhead" [SL:] A stupid person. 一个愚蠢的人。 Example: That politician looks like an absolute boofhead! 例子：那个政客看起来真是个笨蛋！

"crackhead" = a drug addict. “傻瓜” =吸毒者。 Example: Residents in this Melbourne suburb hate crackheads loitering around the Safe Injection Rooms.例子：这个墨尔本郊区的居民讨厌在安全注射室周围闲逛的crack子。

figurehead (n): A carved wooden decoration at the front of a ship built in ancient times. 雕刻的木制装饰，在远古时代建造的船的前部。 Example: Ancient Egyptian ships had figureheads of birds. 例子：古埃及的船上有鸟头。

head (v): To be in charge of. 负责。 Example: At the young age of 35, the Public Servant already headed the Department of Health. 示例：35岁的公务员已经领导了卫生部。 I/you/we/they/ head, he/she/it/ heads. /am/is/are/ heading. /all/ headed. /was/were/ heading. /shall/will/ head. /shall/will/ be heading.

head (v): To be in a leading position. 处于领先地位。 Example: The Moomba Parade is always headed by that year's Moomba King and Queen. 示例：Moomba游行总是由当年的Moomba King和Queen领导。

head (v): To move in a certain direction. 向某个方向移动。 Example: Before the meeting finished, some people were heading out the door. 示例：在会议结束之前，有些人正在出门。 After the footy match, Frank and Muriel headed home. 足球比赛结束后，弗兰克（Frank）和穆里尔（Muriel）返回家中。

head (v): To give a title to some piece of writing.给某篇文章冠以标题 Example: The newspaper article was headed "No respite from soaring house prices". 示例：报纸上的文章标题为“房价上涨不会缓解”。

head (v): In soccer, to shoot or pass the ball using your head. 在足球比赛中，用头射击或传球。 Example: The attacking team took a penalty kick, which was headed into the net. 例子：进攻队踢了一个点球，将球踢入了球网。

"to head off" = to get in front of someone or something, so as to stop them or slow them down. “离开” =站在某人或某物的前面，以制止他们或放慢他们的速度。 Examples: Police ran to head off the robbers before they reached their car. 示例：警察在劫匪到达汽车前就赶走了他们。 The Reserve Bank of Australia wants to raise interest rates to head off an excessive rise in borrowing. 澳大利亚储备银行希望提高利率，以防止借贷过多。

"to dead-head" = to travel without having paid for a ticket. “到头顶” =不用付票就旅行。 Example: The airline pilot dead-headed on a flight from Melbourne to Sydney, from where she would fly to Coffs Harbour. 示例：航空公司飞行员在从墨尔本飞往悉尼的航班上呆滞，然后从那里飞往科夫斯港。

head (adj): Placed at the top or the front of some object. 放置在某些对象的顶部或前面。 Example: The head sails on a ship are those sails placed at the front (the "bow"). 示例：船上的帆是放置在前部的帆（“船头 ”）。

"headfirst" = with your head in front. “头先” =头朝前。 Example: The young boy dived into the river headfirst. 例子：小男孩首先跳入河头。

"headlong" = same as headfirst.“头长” =与头先相同。 Example: Muriel tripped on the garden path and fell headlong. 例如：穆里尔（Muriel）在花园小径上绊倒，摔倒了。

"headlong" = recklessly. “头长” = 鲁莽 Example: The fireman rushed headlong into the burning house. 例子：消防员直奔燃烧的房屋。

"over your head" = too difficult for you to understand. “头顶” =太难理解了。 Example: Ernie complained "All this talk of MRNA vaccines goes over my head!" 例子：厄尼抱怨说：“所有有关MRNA疫苗的话题都让我感动！

"a head taller" / "a head shorter" = a measurement of a person's height compared to another person. “头高” /“头短” =一个人与另一个人的身高的量度。 Example: All the players in the footy team were at least a head taller than the umpires. 示例：足球队中的所有球员至少比裁判员高一头。

HEAT 热 / 热力 / 发热

heat (n, uncountable): Thermal energy. 热能。 Examples: A lot of heat is being pushed into VIC from NSW by a strong north wind. 示例：强烈的北风将大量热量从新南威尔士州推入VIC。 The heat outside made us all sweat. 外面的热使我们所有人汗流。 Remove the frypan from the heat and allow it to cool slightly. 将煎锅从火上移开，使其稍微冷却。 Indoor plants can be sensitive to both heat and cold. 室内植物可能对热和冷都敏感。

heat (n, uncountable): A quality of spicy food that causes your mouth to burn. 一种辛辣食物，可导致您的口腔灼伤。 Example: Chilli peppers add heat to your cooking. 示例：辣椒会为您的烹饪增添热量。

heat (n, uncountable): A period of high emotions. 一段情绪高涨的时期。 Example: In the heat of anger, people can say foolish or hurtful things. 例子：在愤怒中，人们会说愚蠢或伤害性的话。

heat (n, uncountable): An unwanted amount of attention. 不必要的注意力。 Example: The heat is on our local footy team to start winning games! 示例：我们当地的足球队将开始赢得比赛！

heat (n), heats (pl, countable): A preliminary race or event in a competition, used to determine the entrants in a final race or event. 竞赛中的初步竞赛或赛事，用于确定最终竞赛或赛事的参赛者。 Examples: David easily won his heat at the athletics competition, and progressed to the final race. 例子：大卫轻松地在田径比赛中赢得了热火，并晋级了决赛。 The hammer thrower failed to progress beyond the first heat. 锤子投掷器无法前进到超过第一热。

heat (v): To cause an object or a place to increase in temperature. 使物体或地方温度升高。 Examples: A hot wind from NSW is heating VIC. 示例：来自新南威尔士州的热风正在加热VIC。 Our new reverse-cycle air conditioner heats the living-room very well! 我们的新型逆循环空调可以很好地加热客厅！ Our house is poorly insulated and difficult to heat. 我们的房子隔热不良，难以加热。 Our hot-water pipes expand and creak as they heat up. 我们的热水管在加热时会膨胀和吱吱作响。 I/you/we/they/ heat, he/she/it/ heats. /am/is/are/ heating. /all/ heated. /was/were/ heating. /shall/will/ heat. /shall/will/ be heating.

heat (v): To excite by action or emotion. Normally said as "heat up". 激动通过动作或情感来激发 通常称为“升温”。 Examples: After Collingwood kicked their tenth goal, the match really began to heat up. 例子：科林伍德踢出第十球后，比赛真的开始升温。 A second rape accusation against a politician heated up the public debate. 第二起针对政治人物的强奸指控激起了公众辩论。

heated (adj): Full of emotion or energy. 充满情感或活力。 Example: At our last meeting, there was a heated discussion about marketing. 示例：在我们上次会议上，对营销进行了激烈的讨论。

heatedly (adv): In a heated way. 以加热的方式。 Example: At our last meeting, two people argued heatedly about our marketing plans. 示例：在我们上次会议上，两个人就我们的营销计划进行了激烈辩论。

HIDE 皮 / 革 / 隐藏 / 躲 / 隐瞒

hide (n), hides (pl): The skin of an animal. 动物的皮肤。 Examples: Australia exports kangaroo hides to manufacturers of running shoes. 例如：澳大利亚向袋装跑鞋的制造商出口袋鼠皮。 Before shoes were invented, people protected their feet with strips of hide. 在发明鞋子之前，人们用皮革条保护自己的脚。

hide (n) [SL:] Your own life or safety. 您自己的生命或安全。 Example: When the burning building collapsed, fire-fighters had to be quick to save their hides. 示例：当燃烧的建筑物倒塌时，消防员必须迅速救出自己的生命。

"a thick hide" = same as "a thick skin" = not affected by criticism. “厚皮” =与“厚皮”相同=不受批评的影响。 Example: Fred has quite a thick hide, as his co-workers can confirm! 示例：Fred的皮肤很厚，他的同事可以确认！

hide (n): A building from which hunters or animal watchers can look at animals without scaring them. 猎人或动物观察者可以从中看到动物而又不怕它们的建筑物。 Example: Melbourne has many wetlands, and some of them have hides where you can stand or sit. 例如：墨尔本有很多湿地，其中一些有皮革，您可以在其中站立或坐下。

hide (v): To put something in a place where it will be hard or impossible to find. 将东西放在很难或不可能找到的地方。 Examples: Before the Easter Egg hunt, we looked for good places in our local park, in which to hide eggs. 示例：在寻找复活节彩蛋之前，我们在当地公园中寻找可以藏鸡蛋的好地方。 Sandra could barely hide her dislike of the new employee. 桑德拉勉强掩饰了她对新员工的厌恶。 The company took care to hide information about its illegal activities. 该公司注意隐藏有关其非法活动的信息。 I/you/we/they/ hide, he/she/it/ hides. /am/is/are/ hiding (note spelling, no -E). /all/ hid (note spelling, irregular verb). /was/were/ hiding. /shall/will/ hide. /shall/will/ be hiding.

hide (v): To put yourself in a place where you will be hard or impossible to find. 将自己置于一个很难或不可能找到的地方。 Example: As it got dark, our neighbours frantically tried to find one of their children, who had decided to hide. 例：天黑了，我们的邻居疯狂地试图找到他们的一个孩子，他们决定躲藏起来。

HOPE 愿 / 信心 / 意愿 / 希望 / 望 / 希

hope (n, uncountable): A belief that something you wish for will happen. 相信您想要的东西会发生。 Examples: With more and more countries setting carbon emission targets, there is some hope that global warming can be held to 2 degrees. 示例：随着越来越多的国家设定碳排放目标，人们有希望将全球变暖保持在2度以内。 The submarine sank in 700 metres of water, so there was no hope for the crew. 潜水艇在700米深的水中沉没，因此船员没有希望了。

hope (n): A person or thing that gives you hope. 一个给您希望的人或事物。 Examples: Terry's cancer had spread, and surgery was his only hope. 例子：特里的癌症已经扩散，手术是他唯一的希望。 Talks gave us fresh hope of reaching an agreement. 会谈给了我们达成协议的新希望。

hope (v): To want something to happen, expecting that it might. 希望发生某事，期望会发生。 Examples: Betty has a bad cold, but hopes to be back at work next week. 例子：贝蒂患了重感冒，但希望下周重新上班。 At one time, Alice hoped that the handsome Accounts Clerk would be her lifetime companion. 有一次，爱丽丝希望英俊的Accounts Clerk成为她一生的伴侣。 I hope that stupid politician puts his foot in it (= makes himself look foolish in public). 我希望那位愚蠢的政治家投身其中（使自己在公共场合显得愚蠢）。 I hope you will learn something from my TED talk. I/you/we/they/ hope, he/she/it/ hopes. /am/is/are/ hoping (note spelling, no -E). /all/ hoped (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ hoping. /shall/will/ hope. /shall/will/ be hoping.

hope (v): To be optimistic, full of hope. 要乐观，充满希望。 Examples: I hope to win the Lottery! 例子：我希望赢得彩票！ David hopes to graduate from University with First Class Honours. 大卫希望以一流的荣誉从大学毕业。

"to have hope in" = to be confident of something. “有希望” =对某事充满信心。 Example: We have hope in the ability of renewable energy to reduce Australia's carbon emissions. 示例：我们对可再生能源减少澳大利亚碳排放的能力抱有希望。

hopeful (adj): Full of hope. 满怀希望。 Example: We are hopeful that a change of Government will result in more money for Aged Care. 例子：我们希望政府的更替将为老年护理事业带来更多的资金。

hopefully (adv): In a hopeful way. 以一种有希望的方式。 Example: David walked hopefully into the room for his Final Exam. 示例：David满怀希望地走进了房间进行期末考试。 Hopefully, a change of Government will result in more money for Aged Care. 希望政府的更替将为老年护理带来更多的钱。

HOSE 软管 / 袜

hose (n), hoses (pl): A flexible tube for moving water or another fluid from one place to another. 用于将水或另一种流体从一个地方移到另一个地方的软管。 Examples: A fireman ran out a hose from the fire engine to put out a small blaze. 示例：消防员从消防车上冲出一根软管来扑灭小火。 Frank put a sprinkler hose in the middle of the lawn. 弗兰克在草坪中央放了一个喷水软管。

hose (n, uncountable): A stocking-like garment worn on the legs. Also called "pantyhose" or "tights". 腿上穿的类似长袜的衣服。 也称为“连裤袜”或“紧身裤”。 Example: Alice accidentally tore her last pair of pantyhose. 示例：爱丽丝不小心撕下了她的最后一副连裤袜。

hose (v): To water or spray something with a hose. 用软管浇水或喷洒东西。 Example: Fred washed his car and hosed off the suds. 例子：弗雷德洗了车，用软管把肥皂水弄干了。 I/you/we/they/ hose, he/she/it/ hoses. /am/is/are/ hosing (note spelling, no -E). /all/ hosed (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ hosing. /shall/will/ hose. /shall/will/ be hosing.

"to hose down" [SL:] = to attack somebody with an automatic firearm. “降低强度” [SL：] =用自动枪械攻击某人。 Example: The soldiers were under sniper attack from a small wood, so they hosed it down and the sniping stopped. 例子：士兵们受到一小块木头的狙击，因此他们用软管将其击倒，狙击停止了。

"to hose down" = to reduce public emotion or expectation. “减少压力” =减少公众的情绪或期望。 Example: The Government hosed down rumours of a tax increase, saying it was neither necessary nor planned. 例子：政府减少了关于增加税收的谣言，说这既没有必要，也没有计划。

HUG 搂 / 抱 / 拥抱 / 搂

hug (n), hugs (pl): An affectionate close embrace. 亲密的拥抱。 Example: Yan loves getting hugs from John. 例：艳爱从约翰那里得到拥抱。 V7393

hug (n): In the sport of wrestling, a close grip like a hug. 在摔跤运动中，紧握就像一个拥抱。 Example: The wrestler was caught in a hug and thrown to the floor. 示例：摔跤手被一个拥抱抓住并扔到地板上。

hug (v): To embrace somebody by holding them closely. 通过紧紧拥抱某人来拥抱某人。 Example: John hugged Yan and she quickly fell asleep in his arms. 示例：约翰拥抱艳，她很快就睡在了怀里。 I/you/we/they/ hug, he/she/it/ hugs. /am/is/are/ hugging (note spelling, double-G). /all/ hugged (note spelling, double-G). /was/were/ hugging. /shall/will/ hug. /shall/will/ be hugging.

hug (v): To stay close to something or someone. 靠近某人或某人。 Examples: The small boat hugged the coastline. 例子：小船拥抱海岸线。 The young lion cubs were nervous of crowds and hugged their mother for reassurance. 年轻的幼狮对人群感到不安，并拥抱他们的母亲以使他们放心。

"a tree-hugger" [SL:] = a person who is concerned with saving the environment, especially saving trees from logging. “拥抱树的人” [SL：] =一个关心保护环境的人，尤其是保护树木免于砍伐。 Example: A group of tree-huggers tried to stop machinery from moving into the native forest logging area. 示例：一群抱树的人试图阻止机械进入原始森林伐木区。

HUMOUR 幽默 / 笑林 / 风趣 / 迎合 / 哄

humour (n, uncountable) [US:] humor, same pronunciation, different spelling). The quality of being amusing or funny. 有趣或有趣的性质。 Example: "The Two Ronnies" was a BBC comedy with a gentle brand of humour. 示例：“两个兔子”是一部BBC喜剧，带有幽默感。

humour (n, uncountable): A mood, especially a bad mood. 心情特别是不好的心情 Examples: Betty's boss is in a good humour today. 例子：贝蒂的老板今天很幽默。 A couple of drinks did not improve Fred's humour. 喝了几杯酒并没有改善弗雷德的幽默感。

humour (n): In medicine, a liquid within an eyeball, the aqueous humour (in front of the lens) and the vitreous humour (behind it). 在医学中，是指眼球内的液体，房水（在晶状体前）和玻璃体液（在晶状体后）。 Example: The jelly-like vitreous humour gives your eyeball its round shape. 示例：果冻状的玻璃状幽默使您的眼球呈圆形。

humour (v): To calm someone who is upset, by agreeing with them. 通过与他人达成协议来平息沮丧的人。 Example: The small boy said he had seen a dragon in the woods, so we humoured him and asked him about it, saying he was very brave. 例子：那个小男孩说他在树林里见过一条龙，所以我们逗了他，问了一下这件事，说他很勇敢。 I/you/we/they/ humour, he/she/it/ humours. /am/is/are/ humouring. /all/ humoured. /was/were/ humouring. /shall/will/ humour. /shall/will/ be humouring.

humorous (adj) (note spelling, -OR): Amusing, funny. 有趣，有趣。 Example: "The Two Ronnies" was a gently humorous BBC comedy. 示例：“两个兔子”是一部幽默幽默的BBC喜剧。

humorless (adj) (note spelling, -OR): Having no humour. 没有幽默感。 Example: The new Company Accountant seems to be a humorless sort of person! 示例：新的公司会计师似乎是个无幽默的人！

humorously (adv) (note spelling, -OR): In a humorous way. 以幽默的方式。 Example: At the party, a guest spoke humorously about his attempt to ride a horse, and showed everyone his bruises from the experience! 示例：在聚会上，一位嘉宾幽默地讲述了他骑马的企图，并向所有人展示了他的经历中的挫折！

HUNT 狩猎 / 搜寻 / 打猎 / 獠

hunt (n), hunts (pl): An act of hunting, searching for prey (= animals for food) or for some lost object. 狩猎，寻找猎物（=食物的动物）或某些失物的行为。 Examples: We were invited on a hunt to cull kangaroos (= to shoot them to reduce over-population). 例子：我们被邀请去猎杀袋鼠（为减少袋鼠而射击）。 John mislaid his car keys and had a frantic 10-minute hunt for them. 约翰放错了车钥匙，疯狂地搜寻了10分钟。 The father-of-three started a desperate hunt for a new job. 三个孩子的父亲开始拼命寻找新工作。

hunt (n): An act of searching for a person. The beginning of a hunt is usually called "a launch". 寻找人的行为。 狩猎的开始通常称为“发射”。 Examples: The Police launched a hunt for the escaped prisoner. 示例：警方对逃脱的囚犯进行了追捕。 Our local community launched a hunt to find a toddler missing in bushland. 我们的当地社区发动了一次狩猎，以寻找在丛林中失踪的小孩。

"witch-hunt" = a political process to try and find someone to blame for a problem. “猎巫” =试图寻找某个问题的责任者的政治过程。 Example: The politician said that police raids on his office were a witch-hunt to discredit him. 示例：这位政治人物说，警察突袭他的办公室是为了抹黑他而进行的巫术狩猎。

hunt (v): To look for and chase prey and (usually) kill it. 寻找并追逐猎物并（通常）杀死它。 Example: We hunted large flocks of emus which were wrecking crops in South Australia. 示例：我们在南澳大利亚州猎杀了破坏农作物的大群鸸。 I/you/we/they/ hunt, he/she/it/ hunts. /am/is/are/ hunting. /all/ hunted. /was/were/ hunting. /shall/will/ hunt. /shall/will/ be hunting.

hunt (v): To try to find something. 试图找到一些东西。 Examples: John mislaid his car keys and hunted frantically for them. 例子：约翰放错了车钥匙并疯狂地寻找它们。 The father-of-three desperately hunted for a new job. 三个孩子的父亲拼命寻找一份新工作。

hunt (v): In engineering, for a mechanism to continually move to find a stable state. 在工程学中，是指一种不断寻找稳定状态的机制。 Example: The speed control for the engine was hunting around the required speed, without settling properly. 示例：发动机的速度控制装置在要求的速度附近徘徊，而没有适当地稳定下来。

HURRY 匆忙 / 仓促 / 赶快 / 赶 / 催

hurry (n, uncountable): A rushed action. 仓促行动。 Examples: In my hurry to leave, I forgot to lock the door. 例子：我急着离开，忘了锁门。 Alice packed her bag in a hurry and forgot her passport. 爱丽丝急忙收拾行装，忘记了护照。

hurry (n, uncountable): Urgency. 紧急。 Examples: "Relax, what's the hurry, we have plenty of time." said Fred's girlfriend. 例子：“放松，有什么急事，我们有很多时间。” 弗雷德的女友说。 "There's no hurry to finish dinner." said Muriel to Frank. “不必着急吃晚饭。” 穆里尔对弗兰克说。

hurry (v): To do things in a rush (= very quickly). 匆忙地做事（=非常快）。 Example: We'd better hurry or we'll miss the flight! 例子：我们最好快点，否则我们会错过航班的！ I/you/we/they/ hurry, he/she/it/ hurries (note spelling, -IES). /am/is/are/ hurrying. /all/ hurried (note spelling, -IED). /was/were/ hurrying. /shall/will/ hurry. /shall/will/ be hurrying.

"to hurry up" = to speed up the rate of doing something. “快点” =加快做某事的速度。 Example: Hurry up and brush your teeth, the taxi has arrived! 例子：快点刷牙，出租车已经到了！

hurry (v): To cause someone to do things in a rush. 使某人匆忙地做某事。 Example: Betty hurried her children through breakfast because they were running late for school. 例子：贝蒂因为孩子们上学迟到而匆匆吃早餐。

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