课116：多余的时态

Lesson 116: The Extra Tenses

So far in these lessons, you have learned 6 tenses, the ones used most often: 到目前为止，在这些课程中，您已经学习了6个时态，最常用的时态是：

PRESENT SIMPLE (Lesson 22) 现在简单（第22课）

Examples: I walk, it runs, we talk, he has, she sits, he eats, she massages, they live, he works. 例子：我走路，跑步，我们交谈，他有，她坐着，他吃，她按摩，他们住，他工作。

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Lesson 23) 目前连续（第23课）

Examples: I am walking, it is running, we are talking, he is having, she is sitting, he is eating, she is massaging, they are living, he is working. 例子：我在走路，在跑步，我们在说话，他在吃，她在坐，他在吃东西，她在按摩，他们在生活，他在工作。

PAST SIMPLE (Lesson 24) 过去的简单（第24课）

Examples: I walked, it ran, we talked, he had, she sat, he ate, she massaged, they lived, he worked. 例子：我走了，跑了，我们聊天，他有，她坐着，他吃了，她按摩了，他们住了，他工作了。

PAST CONTINUOUS (Lesson 25) 过去（第25课）

Examples: I was walking, it was running, we were talking, he was having, she was sitting, he was eating, she was massaging, they were living, he was working. 例子：我在走路，在跑步，我们在聊天，他在吃，她在坐，他在吃东西，她在按摩，他们在生活，他在工作。

FUTURE SIMPLE (Lesson 27) 未来的简单（第27课）

Examples: I shall walk, it will run, we will talk, he will have, she will sit, he will eat, she will massage, they will live, he will work. 例子：我将走路，它将跑步，我们会说话，他会，她会坐，他会吃，她会按摩，他们会生活，他会工作。

FUTURE CONTINUOUS (Lesson 28) 未来连续（第28课）

Examples: I will be walking, it will be running, we will be talking, he will be having, she will be sitting, he will be eating, she will be massaging, they will be living, he will be working. 例子：我会走路，会跑步，我们会说话，他会，她会坐，他会吃东西，她会按摩，他们会生活，他会工作。

Here are 6 more tenses, the less common ones, with examples. 这里有6个时态，较不常见的时态，并带有示例。 The "Simple" Tenses are formed from Past Participles. “简单”时态由过去分词组成。 The "Continuous" Tenses are formed from Present Participles. “连续”时态由现在分词构成。 This lesson gives you example sentences for each tense. 本课为您提供每个时态的例句示例。 Listen and read the examples so that you can understand the structure. 听并阅读示例，以便您了解结构。 Take your time to thoroughly understand this lesson! 花点时间彻底理解本课！ These 6 tenses are more complex than the first 6 you learned. 这六个时态比您学到的前六个时态更为复杂。 However, there will be times, in conversation or writing, when you need to use or understand these tenses. 但是，有时您需要使用对话或书面形式来使用或理解这些时态。

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE 目前完美的简单

Examples: I have walked, it has run, we have talked, he has had, she has sat, he has eaten, she has massaged, they have lived, he has worked. 例子：我走过，已经跑过，我们谈过，他有过，她坐过，他吃过，她按摩过，他们住过，他工作过。 Example 1: I have walked in the park twice, so far today. 示例1：到目前为止，我已经在公园里散步了两次。 Example 2: The athlete has run the 400m race in a record time, three times this year. 示例2：该运动员在创纪录的时间内参加了400m比赛，今年是三次。 Example 3: We have talked about this many times. 示例3：我们已经讨论过很多次了。 Example 4: Fred has eaten at this restaurant occasionally. 示例4：弗雷德偶尔在这家餐厅吃饭。 Example 5: Jan has massaged four guests today, and her arms are aching. 示例5：Jan今天按摩了四位客人，她的手臂酸痛。

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 现在完成进行时

Examples: I have been walking, it has been running, we have been talking, he has been having, she has been sitting, he has been eating, she has been massaging, they have been living, he has been working. 例子：我一直在走路，它一直在跑步，我们一直在说话，他一直在，她一直坐在，他一直在吃饭，她一直在按摩，他们一直在生活，他一直在工作。 Example 1: I have been walking for 2 hours, and now I'm hungry! 示例1：我已经步行2个小时了，现在我饿了！ Example 2: Muriel has been working in the garden all day, and needs a rest. 示例2：Muriel整天在花园里工作，需要休息。 Example 3: Alice has been living in rental accommodation since she moved to Melbourne. 示例3：自从搬到墨尔本以来，爱丽丝一直住在出租屋里。 Example 4: Have you been running? You're very red in the face! 示例4：您一直在跑步吗？ 你的脸很红！ Example 5: Jan has been massaging since 10 a.m., and her arms are aching. 示例5：Jan从上午10点开始按摩，她的手臂酸痛。

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE 完美过去

Examples: I had walked, it had run, we had talked, he had had, she had sat, he had eaten, she had massaged, they had lived, he had worked. 例子：我走路，跑步，我们交谈，他曾经，她已经坐下，他已经吃了，她已经按摩，他们已经生活，他已经工作了。 Example 1: By lunchtime, I had walked seven kilometres. 示例1：到午餐时间，我已经走了7公里。 Example 2: By the time Frank arrived home, Muriel had eaten lunch. 示例2：弗兰克到家时，穆里尔已经吃过午餐。 Example 3: Before meeting the handsome Accounts Clerk, Alice had lived by herself for 3 years. 示例3：在遇到英俊的Accounts文员之前，Alice独自生活了3年。 Example 4: Before joining the company, the new CEO had worked in the solar power industry for 18 years. 示例4：在加入公司之前，新任首席执行官已经在太阳能行业工作了18年。 Example 5: By lunchtime, Jan had massaged three guests. 示例5：到午餐时间，Jan按摩了三位客人。

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS 过去完成时

Examples: I had been walking, it had been running, we had been talking, he had been having, she had been sitting, he had been eating, she had been massaging, they had been living, he had been working. 例子：我一直在走路，它一直在跑步，我们一直在聊天，他一直在，她一直在坐，他一直在吃饭，她一直在按摩，他们一直在生活，他一直在工作。 Example 1: John had been walking for 2 hours, when it started to rain. 示例1：开始下雨时，约翰已经走了2个小时。 Example 2: Fred had been working hard all day, and scarcely glanced at the clock once! 示例2：Fred整天都在努力工作，几乎没有看过时钟！ Example 3: Alice had been living by herself for 3 years before meeting the handsome Accounts Clerk. 示例3：在遇到英俊的Accounts文员之前，Alice独自生活了3年。 Example 4: Jan had been massaging for 5 hours before she was able to have a rest. 示例4：Jan休息了五个小时才能够休息。 Example 5: We suddenly realised that we had been talking for so long, it was dark outside. 示例5：我们突然意识到我们已经聊了很久，外面很黑。

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE 完美未来

Examples: I shall have walked, it will have run, we will have talked, he will have had, she will have sat, he will have eaten, she will have massaged, they will have lived, he will have worked. 例子：我将走，它将跑，我们将谈话，他将已经，她将坐，他将被吃，她将被按摩，他们将生活，他将工作。 Example 1: I shall have already gone for an early walk, by the time I set off for work. 示例1：我出发去上班的时候，我已经早点走了。 Example 2: Frank hopes that Muriel will have finished cooking dinner by the time he gets home, because he is very hungry! 示例2：弗兰克希望穆里尔（Muriel）饿着肚子，回家后就可以做饭了！ Example 3: By the time my friend arrives, I will have eaten lunch. 示例3：当我的朋友到达时，我已经吃了午餐。 Example 4: By 3 p.m., Jan will have massaged three guests. 示例4：到下午3点，简将为三位客人按摩。 Example 5: By the time they meet with the Boss, Sandra and Alice will have talked about the problem, and will have a solution. 示例5：当他们与老板会面时，桑德拉和爱丽丝将讨论这个问题，并提出解决方案。

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS 完美未来

Examples: I shall have been walking, it will have been running, we will have been talking, he will have been having, she will have been sitting, he will have been eating, she will have been massaging, they will have been living, he will have been working. 例子：我一直在走路，它将一直在跑步，我们将会一直在聊天，他将会一直在，她将会一直坐在，他将会一直在吃饭，她将会一直在按摩，他们将会一直生活， 他会一直在工作。 Example 1: I will have been walking for 2 hours, by the time I meet my friends. 示例1：当我遇到朋友时，我将已经步行2个小时。 Example 2: By the time Betty's boss retires, he will have been working at the company for 24 years! 示例2：当Betty的老板退休时，他已经在公司工作了24年！ Example 3: By October this year, Alice will have been living by herself for 3 years. 示例3：到今年10月，爱丽丝将独自生活3年。 Example 4: By 2 p.m., Jan will have been massaging for four hours without a rest. 示例4：Jan在下午2点之前已经按摩了四个小时而没有休息。 Example 5: Come December the 20th, Yan will have been working in Australia for 3 years. 例5：12月20日到来，艳将在澳大利亚工作了3年。

From Lesson 118, John will speak the extra tenses whenever he explains a verb. 从第118课开始，约翰在讲动词时都会讲多余的时态。

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