第130课：使用“mis”、 “il”、“ill-”、“in”、“im” 和“un”制作否定词

Lesson 130: Making Negatives using "mis", "il", "ill-", "in", "im" and "un"

You can make negatives of many English words by prefixing them with "mis", "il", "ill-", "in", "im" and "un". 你可以用“mis”、“il”、 “ill-”、“in”、“im”和“un” 作为前缀来否定许多英 语单词。

Here are some examples. Each example gives the word followed by its negative, and a Mandarin translation of the original word. 这里有些例子。 每个示例给出单词后跟其否定词，以及原始单词的普通话翻译。

Why does English have so many prefixes with the same function? Because the language developed from many other languages, with no standard rules. 为什么英语有这么多相同功能的前缀？ 因为该语言是从许多其他语言发展而来的，没有标准规则。

So , for example, the negative of "acceptable" is "unacceptable", not "inacceptable" or "ilacceptable". 所以，例如，“acceptable” 的否定词是“unacceptable”， 而不是“inacceptable”或 “ilacceptable”。

You will see that the prefixes are mostly "in" and "un". 你会看到前缀大多是“in”和“un”。

Note that "ill-" has a hyphen. It means something slightly different; it means "poorly" or "badly" rather than "not". 请注意，“ill-”有一个连字符。 它的意思略有不同； 它的意思是“差”或“差”而不是“不是”。

Note also that there are many words in this list that you haven't seen so far in this course! Study them carefully. 另请注意，此列表中有许多您在本课程中迄今未见过的单词！ 仔细研究它们。

A

ability, inability 能力 acceptable, unacceptable 可以接受 accessible, inaccessible 无障碍 accompanied, unaccompanied 陪伴 accountable, unaccountable 负责的

accuracy, inaccuracy 准确性 accurate, inaccurate 准确的 accurately, inaccurately 准确 accustomed, unaccustomed 习惯了 action, inaction 行动

activation, inactivation 激活 active, inactive 积极的 activity, inactivity 活动 address, misaddress 地址 adequate, inadequate 足够的

adequately, inadequately 充分地 adequacy, inadequacy 充分性 admissible, inadmissible 可受理 adventure, misadventure 冒险 adventurous, unadventurous 冒险的

advisable, inadvisable 可取的 advised, ill-advised 建议 advisedly, ill-advisedly 明智地 align, misalign 对齐 allocate, misallocate 分配

ambiguous, unambiguous 模糊的 animate, inanimate 生气勃勃的 apologetic, unapologetic 歉意的 appealing, unappealing 有吸引力的 appetising [US: appetizing], unappetising 开胃的

appreciate, misappreciate 欣赏 apprehension, misapprehension 顾虑 approachable, unapproachable 平易近人 appropriate, inappropriate 合适的 appropriate, misappropriate 划拨

appropriately, inappropriately 适当地 articulate, inarticulate 发音清晰的 attention, inattention 注意力 attentive, inattentive 细心 attractive, unattractive 吸引人的

audible, inaudible 听得见的 audibly, inaudibly 可听见的 auspicious, inauspicious 吉祥 available, unavailable 可用的

B

believable, unbelievable 可信的 believably, unbelievably 可信地 behave, misbehave 表现 behaviour [US: behavior], misbehaviour 行为 blocking, unblocking 拥塞

C

calculate, miscalculate 计算 capable, incapable 能力 carry, miscarry 带走 categorise, miscategorise 分类 changing, unchanging 改变

civilised [US: civilized], uncivilised 文明的 classify, misclassify 分类 coherence, incoherence 连贯性 coherent, incoherent 连贯 comfortable, uncomfortable 自在

communicate, miscommunicate 交流 comparable, incomparable 可比 compatible, incompatible 兼容的 compatibility, incompatibility 兼容性 compensated, uncompensated 补偿

competence, incompetence 权限 competent, incompetent 胜任的 competently, incompetently 称职地 competitive, uncompetitive 竞争的 complaining, uncomplaining 抱怨

complete, incomplete 完全的 completely, incompletely 完全地 complicated, uncomplicated 复杂的 complimentary, uncomplimentary 免费 comprehend, miscomprehend 理解

comprehending, uncomprehending 领悟 comprehensible, incomprehensible 可理解的 comprehensibly, incomprehensibly 可理解地 comprehension, incomprehension 理解 compressible, incompressible 可压缩的

compromising, uncompromising 妥协 conceive, misconceive 构想 conceivable, inconceivable 可以想象的 conception, misconception 概念 conclusive, inconclusive 确凿

conclusively, inconclusively 最终 conditional, unconditional 有条件的 connected, unconnected 连接的 considered, ill-considered 经过考虑的

conscious, unconscious 有意识的 consequential, inconsequential 后果性的 considerable, inconsiderable 大量 considerate, inconsiderate 周到 consistent, inconsistent 持续的

consistently, inconsistently 始终如一 conspicuous, inconspicuous 显眼的 conspicuously, inconspicuously 明显地 controllable, uncontrollable 可控的 construe, misconstrue 解释

continent, incontinent 镇静的 convenient, inconvenient 方便的 conveniently, inconveniently 方便 conventional, unconventional 传统的 convinced, unconvinced 深信不疑

convincing, unconvincing 令人信服 convincingly, unconvincingly 令人信服地 cooperative, uncooperative 和蔼可亲的 correct, incorrect 正确的 correctly, incorrectly 正确

corruptible, incorruptible 易腐烂的 credible, incredible 可信的 credibly, incredibly 可信地 credit, miscredit 信用 curable, incurable 可治愈的

D

decency, indecency 体面 decent, indecent 体面的 decently, indecently 体面的 decipherable, indecipherable 可破译的 decisive, indecisive 决定性

decisively, indecisively 果断地 decisiveness, indecisiveness 果断 declaration, misdeclaration 宣言 deed, misdeed 举 defensible, indefensible 站得住脚的

definable, indefinable 可定义的 defined, ill-defined 定义 definite, indefinite 定 definitely, indefinitely 确实 delicate, indelicate 秀气

dependence, independence 依赖 dependent, independent 依赖 destructible, indestructible 可破坏的 determine, misdetermine 决定 develop, misdevelop 发展

diagnose, misdiagnose 诊断 dignity, indignity 尊严 direct, indirect 直接的 directly, indirectly 直接地 direct, misdirect 指导

discipline, indiscipline 纪律 discreet, indiscreet 慎重 discretion, indiscretion 审慎 disguised, ill-disguised 伪装的 dispensable, indispensable 可有可无的

disposed, ill-disposed 裸 disputable, indisputable 有争议的 disputably, indisputably 有争议的 distinct, indistinct 清楚的 distinctly, indistinctly 明显地 divisible, indivisible 可分的

E

economical, uneconomical 经济 economically, uneconomically 经济上 effective, ineffective 有效的 effectively, ineffectively 有效地 efficiency, inefficiency 效率

efficient, inefficient 高效的 efficiently, inefficiently 有效率的 elastic, inelastic 弹 elegant, inelegant 优雅的 elegantly, inelegantly 优雅地

eligible, ineligible 有资格的 employable, unemployable 可就业的 equal, unequal 平等的 equality, inequality 平等 equipped, ill-equipped 配备

equitable, inequitable 公平 essential, inessential 基本的 estimate, misestimate 估计 exact, inexact 精确的

exceptional, unexceptional 特殊的 excusable, inexcusable 情有可原 expected, unexpected 预期的 expensive, inexpensive 昂贵的

expertly, inexpertly 熟练地 experienced, inexperienced 有经验的 explainable, unexplainable 可解释的 explicable, inexplicable 可解释的 explicably, inexplicably 明确地

F

faithful, unfaithful 忠实 fallible, infallible 容易犯错 fallibly, infallibly 容易出错 favourable [US: favorable], unfavourable 有利 feed, misfeed 养活

fertile, infertile 沃 field, misfield 抓住 file, misfile 归档 finite, infinite 有限 fire, misfire 射击

flexible, inflexible 灵活的 flexibility, inflexibility 灵活性 forgivable, unforgivable 可以原谅的 forgiving, unforgiving 宽容 formal, informal 正式的

fortunate, unfortunate 幸运 fortune, ill-fortune 运气 fortune, misfortune 运气 frequent, infrequent 频繁 frequently, infrequently 频繁地 function, misfunction 作用

G

govern, misgovern 治理 grateful, ungrateful 感激的 gratitude, ingratitude 感激 guide, misguide 指导

H

handle, mishandle 处理 healthy, unhealthy 健康 helpful, unhelpful 有帮助的 hit, mishit 击中

hospitable, inhospitable 好客 human, inhuman 人类 humane, inhumane 人道 hygienic, unhygienic 卫生

I

identify, misidentify 鉴定 imaginative, unimaginative 富有想象力的 impressive, unimpressive 感人的 inform, misinform 通知 informative, uninformative 信息量大

informed, uninformed 知情 informed, ill-informed 知情 intentional, unintentional 故意的 interpret, misinterpret 解释

J

judge, misjudge 法官 judgement, misjudgement 判断 judicious, injudicious 明智的 justice, injustice 正义 justifiable, unjustifiable 正当的 justified, unjustified 有道理的 justly, unjustly 公正地

K

knowingly, unknowingly 明知故问 known, unknown 大家都知道的

L

label, mislabel 标 lawful, unlawful 合法的 lay, mislay 放置 lead, mislead 带领 legal, illegal 合法的 legally, illegally 法律上

legible, illegible 清晰易读 legitimate, illegitimate 合法的 likely, unlikely 很可能 literate, illiterate 识字 logical, illogical 合乎逻辑的 loved, unloved 爱过 lucky, unlucky 幸运的

M

manage, mismanage 管理 match, mismatch 匹 merciful, unmerciful 仁慈 mistakable, unmistakable 错误的

N

name, misname 命名 named, unnamed 命名 neighbourly, unneighbourly 友好的

O

obtrusive, unobtrusive 突兀的 offensive, inoffensive 唐 official, unofficial 官方的 officially, unofficially 正式 operable, inoperable 可操作的

operative, inoperative 操作员 opportune, inopportune 恰逢其时 orient, misorient 定向 orientated, misorientated 面向的

P

payment, mispayment 支付 perception, misperception 洞察力 perfect, imperfect 完美 place, misplace 放置 popular, unpopular 受欢迎的

practical, impractical 实际的 predictable, unpredictable 可预测的 prepared, ill-prepared 准备好了 prepared, unprepared 准备好了 print, misprint 印刷 productive, unproductive 富有成效的

profitable, unprofitable 有利可图 pronounce, mispronounce 发音 pronounceable, unpronounceable 可发音的 publicised, unpublicised 公开的

Q

qualified, unqualified 合格的 questionable, unquestionable 可疑的 questioning, unquestioning 质疑 quote, misquote 引用

R

read, misread 阅读 ready, unready 愿意 recognise [US: recognize], misrecognise 认识 recognisable [US: recognizable], unrecognisable 可识别的 recognised, [US: recognized], unrecognised 认可

recollect, misrecollect 追忆 reconcilable, unreconcilable 调和的 remarkable, unremarkable 卓越 report, misreport 报告 represent, misrepresent 代表

S

sane, insane 理智的 sanitary, insanitary 卫生 secure, insecure 安全的 security, insecurity 安全 sensitive, insensitive 敏感的

sensitivity, insensitivity 灵敏度 shape, misshape 塑造 significance, insignificance 意义 significant, insignificant 重大 sincere, insincere 真诚

sincerity, insincerity 诚意 soluble, insoluble 易溶 solvent, insolvent 溶剂 speak, misspeak 说话 spell, misspell 拼写

step, misstep 步 substantial, insubstantial 重大的 successful, unsuccessful 成功的 sufficiency, insufficiency 充足 sufficient, insufficient 充足的

sufficiently, insufficiently 充分地 suited, ill-suited 适合 surmountable, insurmountable 可克服的 sympathetic, unsympathetic 有同情心的

T

tangible, intangible 有形 thinkable, unthinkable 可想的 time, mistime 安排正在 tolerable, intolerable 可以忍受的 tolerably, intolerably 可以忍受 tolerance, intolerance 宽容

tolerant, intolerant 宽容 translate, mistranslate 翻译 treat, mistreat 对待 trust, mistrust 相信 type, mistype 类

U

understand, misunderstand 理解 usable, unusable 可用 usual, unusual 通常 usually, unusually 平常 use, misuse 用

V

vaccinated, unvaccinated 接种了疫苗 valid, invalid 有效的 variable, invariable 多变的 varnished, unvarnished 涂漆 ventilated, unventilated 通风的

visible, invisible 可见的 visibly, invisibly 明显地 voluntary, involuntary 自主性 vulnerable, invulnerable 易受伤害的

W

welcome, unwelcome 欢迎 well, unwell 良好 wholesome, unwholesome 健康 workable, unworkable 可行的

Y

yielding, unyielding 柔

Z

zip, unzip 拉开

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