课时 155：动词的被动语态: A-F

Lesson 155: The Passive Voice of Verbs: A-F

Remember that most sentences have a "subject" and an "object". 请记住，大多数句子都有“主语”和“宾语”。

The "subject" is the person or thing that does some action. “主体”是执行某些操作的人或事物。

The "object" is the person or thing to which the action is done. “对象”是对其执行操作的人或事物。

Here is an example: 这是一个例子：

"Frank drove Muriel to the shops". “弗兰克开车送穆里尔去商店”。

Frank is the subject. 弗兰克是主题。

Muriel is the object. 穆里尔就是对象。

Drove is the action, the past tense of "drive". 开车是动作，是“drive”的过去式。

It is a sentence written in the "active" voice. 这是一个用“主动”语态写的句子。

The sentence can also be written in what is known in English as the "passive voice": 该句子也可以用英语中的“被动语态”来写：

"Muriel was driven to the shops by Frank". “弗兰克开车送穆里尔去商店”。

In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb. 在被动语态中，主语接受动词的动作。So Muriel is now the subject. 所以穆里尔现在是主题。

The passive voice is not a new tense! 被动语态不是新时态！

It is a different way of writing. 这是一种不同的写作方式。

It is formed from these parts: 它由以下部分组成：

1. a subject. 1. 一个主题。

2. some tense of the verb "to be". 2. 动词“to be”的某些时态。

3. the past participle of the verb describing the action. 3. 描述动作的动词的过去分词。

4. perhaps extra information about the sentence. 4.也许有关于句子的额外信息。

The example above, with Muriel and Frank, which is in the past simple tense, is formed from these parts: 上面的 Muriel 和 Frank 的例子是过去简单时态，由以下部分组成：

1. subject: Muriel. 1. 对象：穆里尔。

2. tense: "was", because the sentence is in the past simple tense. 2.时态：“曾是”，因为这句话是过去简单时态。

3. past participle: "driven". 3.过去分词：“驱动”。

4. extra: "to the shops by Frank". 4.额外：“弗兰克的商店”。

Here are more examples in different tenses. 这里有更多不同时态的例子。

Please study them carefully. 请仔细研究它们。

Notice that, whatever the tense (part 2) may be, part 3 is always the past participle of the verb. 请注意，无论时态（第 2 部分）是什么，第 3 部分始终是动词的过去分词。

Here is an example in the present simple tense: 这是现在简单时态的示例：

"Electric cars are made in China". “电动汽车是中国制造”。

1. subject: "Electric cars". 1.主题：“电动汽车”。

2. tense: "are", the present tense of "to be". 2.时态：“are”，“to be”的现在时。

3. past participle: "made". 3.过去分词：“made”。

4. extra: "in China". 4.额外：“在中国”。

Here is an example in the present continuous tense: 以下是现在进行时的示例：

"A report is being typed right now by Alice." “爱丽丝正在打印一份报告。”

1. subject: "A report". 1. 主题：“一份报告”。

2. tense: "is being", the present continuous tense of "to be". 2.时态：“is being”，“to be”的现在进行时。

3. past participle: "typed". 3. 过去分词：“typed”。

4. extra: "right now by Alice". 4.额外：“现在由爱丽丝”。

Here is an example in the past continuous tense: 以下是过去进行时的示例：

"Dinner was being cooked by Muriel when Frank rang her." “弗兰克给穆里尔打电话时，她正在做饭。”

1. subject: "Dinner". 1.主题：“晚餐”。

2. tense: "was being", the past continuous tense of "to be". 2.时态：“was being”，“to be”的过去进行时。

3. past participle :"cooked". 3.过去分词：“cooked”。

4. extra: "by Muriel when Frank rang her". 4. 额外：“弗兰克给穆里尔打电话时她说的”。

Here is an example in the future simple tense: 以下是一般将来时的示例：

"A referral will be signed by our doctor tomorrow." “明天我们的医生将签署转介信。”

1. subject: "A referral". 1. 主题：“推荐”。

2. tense: "will be", the future simple tense of "to be". 2.时态：“will be”，“to be”的一般将来时。

3. past participle: "signed". 3. 过去分词：“signed”。

4. extra: "by our doctor tomorrow". 4.额外：“明天我们的医生”。

Here is an example in the future continuous tense: 以下是将来进行时的示例：

"The shed will be being painted by Bert tomorrow." “明天伯特将粉刷棚子。”

1. subject: "The shed". 1.主题：“棚子”。

2. tense: "will be being", the future continuous tense of "to be". 2.时态：“will be being”，“to be”的将来进行时。

3. past participle: "painted". 3.过去分词：“画”。

4. extra: "by Bert tomorrow". 4.额外：“明天伯特”。

Here is an example in the present perfect tense: 这是现在完成时的一个例子：

"A playground has been built in our local park." “我们当地的公园建了一个游乐场。”

1. subject: "A playground". 1.主题：“游乐场”。

2. tense: "has been", the present perfect tense of "to be". 2.时态：“已经”，“是”的现在完成时。

3. past participle: "built". 3. 过去分词：“建”。

4. extra: "in our local park". 4.额外：“在我们当地的公园里”。

Here is an example in the past perfect tense: 这是过去完成时的一个例子：

"The old house had been demolished before the builder received a permit." “在建筑商获得许可证之前，老房子就被拆除了。”

1. subject: "The old house". 1.主题：“老房子”。

2. tense: "had been", the past perfect tense of "to be". 2.时态：“had been”，“to be”的过去完成时

3. past participle: "demolished". 3.过去分词：“拆除”。

4. extra: "before the builder received a permit". 4. 额外：“在建筑商获得许可证之前”。V9549

Here is an example in the future perfect tense: 下面是一个将来完成时的例子：

"Muriel's baking will have been finished by the time Frank gets home." “弗兰克回家时穆里尔的烘焙工作就已经完成了。”

1. subject: "Muriel's baking". 1. 主题：“穆里尔的烘焙”。

2. tense: "will have been", the future perfect tense of "to be". 2.时态：“will have been”，“to be”的将来完成时。

3. past participle: "finished". 3.过去分词：“完成”。

4. extra: "by the time Frank gets home". 4.额外：“当弗兰克回家时”。

Here is an example using the helper verb "could": 以下是使用辅助动词“could”的示例：

"The parcel could be delivered by Australia Post on Wednesday." “该包裹可能会在周三由澳大利亚邮政投递。”

1. subject: "The parcel". 1. 主题：“包裹”。

2. tense: "could be" is the helper verb. 2.时态：“could be”是助动词。

3. past participle : "delivered". 3. 过去分词：“交付”。

4. extra: "by Australia Post on Wednesday". 4. 额外：“周三澳大利亚邮政”。

Here is an example using the helper verb "has to": 以下是使用辅助动词“has to”的示例：

A hire car has to be arranged by Ernie until his car is fixed." 厄尼必须安排租车，直到他的车修好为止。”

1.subject: "A hire car". 1.主题：“出租汽车”。

2. tense: "has to be" is the helper verb. 2.时态：“必须是”是助动词。

3. past participle: "arranged". 3. 过去分词：“安排”。

4. extra: "by Ernie until his car is fixed". 4. 额外：“由厄尼负责，直到他的车修好为止”。

English teachers usually recommend that you speak and write using the active voice. 英语老师通常建议你用主动语态说话和写作。

Your writing is clearer in this voice, provided that the sentence has a clear subject, and the subject is more important than the object. 如果句子有明确的主语，并且主语比宾语更重要，那么用这种声音你的写作会更清晰。

However, there are 5 situations when the passive voice is better. 不过，有5种情况用被动语态比较好。

It's when you want to keep your reader's attention on the action or the person to whom it was done. 当你想让读者的注意力集中在某个动作或该动作针对的人时。

The person who did the action can even be left out of the sentence! 甚至可以将执行该动作的人排除在句子之外！

Situation 1: the sentence is a general statement about an opinion. 情况1：这句话是对某个观点的一般性陈述。

Example: It's considered rude to play loud music after 11 pm. 示例：晚上 11 点后大声播放音乐被认为是不礼貌的。

Situation 2: in scientific writing. 情况2：科学写作。

Example: Blood samples were taken from 20 volunteers. 示例： 血液样本取自 20 名志愿者。

Situation 3: to avoid blame. 情况3：避免责备。

Example: Mistakes were made. This short sentence is often spoken by politicians, because it gives no information about what sort of mistakes were made, or who made them! 例：犯了错误。 这句话经常被政治家说出来，因为它没有提供任何信息来说明犯了什么样的错误，或者谁犯了这些错误！

Situation 4: in writing about actions where the person who did the action is not known. 情况 4：在撰写有关行为时，执行该行为的人不为人所知。

Example: Ernie's car was stolen two days ago. 示例：厄尼的汽车两天前被偷了。

Situation 5: to keep the focus of your writing on the subject or the action. 情况5：将写作的重点放在主题或动作上。

Example: the robber was caught yesterday. In this example, it doesn't matter who caught the robber, as much as the fact that he was caught. 例：强盗昨天被抓了。 在这个例子中，谁抓住了强盗并不重要，重要的是他被抓住了。

Remember from Lesson 115 that you form the past participle of most verbs by adding "-ED" , or just "-D" if the verb already ends in "E". 请记住，在第 115 课中，您可以通过添加“-ED”来构成大多数动词的过去分词，如果动词已经以“E”结尾，则只需添加“-D”。

Examples: walk -> walked, hope -> hoped, boil -> boiled, hose -> hosed. 示例：步行->步行，希望->希望，烧开->煮沸，软管->用软管冲洗。

However, there are many exceptions. Here is a list of the passive voice of all verbs starting with "A" to "F" which you have seen up to now in the English Course. 然而，也有很多例外。 以下是您迄今为止在本英语课程中看到的以“A”到“F”开头的所有动词的被动语态列表。

You first learned about them in Lessons 68 to 71, 73 to 75, and 134 to 147. 您首先在第 68 至 71、73 至 75、134 至 147 课中了解了它们。

There are more than 1000 of them. 其中有1000多个。They have been split into three lessons. 它们被分为三课。

Sometimes, if a verb ends in b, f, g, m, n, p, t or z, that letter is doubled before "-ED" is added. For example "ban" becomes "banned", with two "N"s. 有时，如果动词以 b、f、g、m、n、p、t 或 z 结尾，则在添加“-ED”之前该字母会加倍。 例如“禁止”变成“禁止”。

If the verb ends in "-Y", this becomes "-IED". For example, "accompany" becomes "accompanied." 如果动词以“-Y”结尾，则变为“-IED”。 例如，“陪伴”变成“陪伴”。

Sometimes an extra following word is required to make good English. For example: "assent" becomes "was assented to". 有时需要额外的后续单词才能说好英语。 例如：“同意”变为“同意”。

And, because this is English, sometimes the passive voice of a verb is irregular! For example: "bend" becomes "was bent". 而且，因为这是英语，有时动词的被动语态是不规则的！ 例如：“弯曲”变成“被弯曲”。

This list is in the past simple tense. For example, "was abandoned." But "is abandoned, are abandoned, is being abandoned, was being abandoned, will be abandoned" and so on are all examples of the passive voice, as you learned above. 该列表采用过去简单时态。 例如“被抛弃”。 但是“被遗弃，被遗弃，正在被遗弃，被遗弃，将被遗弃”等等都是被动语态的例子，正如您在上面学到的。

However, if every tense had been included for each verb, the list and the lesson would be 12 times longer than it is! 然而，如果每个动词都包含了每个时态，则列表和课程将比实际长 12 倍！

Please note that verbs which are intransitive cannot be made into the passive voice, because they do not take an object. 请注意，不及物动词不能变成被动语态，因为它们不带宾语。

Refer to Lesson 93 to refresh your memory about transitive and intransitive verbs. 请参阅第 93 课来刷新您对及物动词和不及物动词的记忆。

If a verb in the list is intransitive it is marked "not transitive". 如果列表中的动词是不及物动词，则它被标记为“不及物动词”。

A

abandon 放弃 ; was abandoned

abbreviate 删节; was abbreviated

abolish 废除 ; was abolished

abort 中止 ; was aborted

absorb 吸收; was absorbed

abuse 辱骂; was abused

accelerate 加速 ; was accelerated

accept 接受 ; was accepted

access 访问 ; was accessed

accompany 陪; was accompanied

accomplish 完成 ; was accomplished

account 占; was accounted for

accumulate 积累 ; was accumulated

accuse 控告; was accused

ache 痻 ; not transitive

achieve 实现 ; was achieved

acknowledge 确认 ; was acknowledged

acquire 获得 ; was acquired

act 表演 ; was acted

action 行动 ; was actioned

activate 启用 ; was activated

adapt 适应 ; was adapted

addict 耽于 ; was addicted

address 讲话 ; was addressed

adjust 调整 ; was adjusted

administer 管理 ; was administered

admire 佩服 ; was admired

admit 承认 ; was admitted

adopt 采纳 ; was adopted

advance 提前 ; was advanced

advertise 广告 ; was advertised

advise 劝告 ; was advised

advocate 提倡 ; was advocated for

affect 影响 ; was affected

afford 买得起 ; was afforded

age 变老 ; was aged

aggravate 加剧 ; was aggravated

agree 同意 ; was agreed

aid 辅助 ; was aided

aim 瞄准 ; was aimed

air 通风 ; was aired

airbrush 喷枪 ; was airbrushed

alarm 报警 ; was alarmed

align 对齐 ; was aligned

allege 指控 ; was alleged

allocate 分配 ; was allocated

allow 允许 ; was allowed

alter 改变 ; was altered

alternate 轮流 ; was alternated

amalgamate 合并 ; was amalgamated

ambush 伏击 ; was ambushed

amend 修正 ; was amended

amount to 量 ; not transitive

amplify 放大 ; was amplified

amuse 逗乐 ; was amused

anaesthetise 麻醉 ; was anaesthetised

analyse 分析 ; was analysed

anchor 抛锚 ; was anchored

anger 激怒 ; was angered

angle 角落 ; was angled

anguish 使极苦闷 ; was anguished

animate 动画 ; was animated

announce 宣布 ; was announced

annoy 烦恼 ; was annoyed

anticipate 预料 ; was anticipated

apologise 道歉 ; was apologised for

appeal 上诉 ; was appealed

appear 出现 ; not transitive

applaud 鼓掌 ; was applauded

apply 应用 ; was applied

appoint 委 ; was appointed

apportion 分摊 ; was apportioned

appreciate 欣赏 ; was appreciated

approach 逼近; was approached

approve 批准 ; was approved

argue 争论 ; was argued

arise 出现 ; not transitive

arm 武装 ; was armed

armour 盔甲 ; was armoured

arouse 唤起 ; was aroused

arrange 安排 ; was arranged

arrest 逮捕 ; was arrested

arrive 到达 ; not transitive

articulate 说出 ; was articulated

assent 同意 ; was assented to

assess 评估 ; was assessed

assist 协助 ; was assisted

assure 担保 ; was assured

astonish 震惊 ; was astonished

attend 出席 ; was attended

auction 拍卖 ; was auctioned

authorise 授权 ; was authorised

B

baa 咩 ; not transitive

babysit 保姆 ; was babysat

back 支持 ; was backed

back up 备份 ; was backed up

backfire 适得其反 ; not transitive

badger 貆 ; was badgered

bail 保释 ; was bailed

bake 烘烤 ; was baked

balance 相当 ; was balanced

bale 捆包 ; was baled

balloon 气球 ; not transitive

ban 禁止 ; was banned

bandage 包扎 ; was bandaged

bang 轰 ; was banged

bank 到银行 ; was banked

bankrupt 破产 ; was bankrupted

bar 拦 ; was barred

bare 露出 ; was bared

bargain 讨价还价 ; was bargained with

bark 吠 ; was barked at

barrack 营房 ; was barracked for

barrel 桶装 ; not transitive

base 垒 ; was based

bash 抨击 ; was bashed

bat 击球; was batted

bathe 澡 ; was bathed

battle 战斗 ; was battled

beam 发光 ; was beamed

bear 承担 ; was borne / was born

beat 击败 ; was beaten

become 成为 ; not transitive

beg 求 ; was begged

begin 开始 ; was begun

behave 表现 ; not transitive

believe 相信 ; was believed

belong 属于 ; not transitive

belt 皮带 ; was belted

bend 弯 ; was bent

benefit 造福 ; not transitive

berth 泊 ; was berthed

betray 背叛 ; was betrayed

bet 打赌 ; was bet

bias 偏向 ; was biased against

bid 出价 ; was bid against

bill 开单 ; was billed

bin 放入垃圾箱 ; was binned

bind 捆绑 ; was bound

blacken 黩 ; was blackened

bite 咬 ; was bitten

blackmail 敲诈 ; was blackmailed

blame 怪 ; was blamed

blank 遮 ; was blanked

blaze 火焰 ; was blazed

bleach 澼 ; was bleached

bless 保佑 ; was blessed

blink 眨 ; was blinked at

blister 起泡 ; was blistered

block 阻止 ; was blocked

blow 吹 ; was blown

blunder 犯错 ; not transitive

blunt 挫伤 ; was blunted

blush 脸红 ; not transitive

board 上 ; was boarded

boast 夸 ; was boasted about

boil 煮 ; was boiled

bolster 撑腰 ; was bolstered

bolt 闩上 ; was bolted

bomb 轰炸 ; was bombed

bonk 与...性交 ; was bonked

book 定 ; was booked

boom 轰 ; not transitive

boost 促进 ; was boosted

boot 开机 ; was booted

bootstrap 引导程序 ; was bootstrapped

booze 豪饮 ; not transitive

bore 烦扰 ; was bored

borrow 借 ; was borrowed

boss 给老板 ; was bossed

bother 麻烦 ; was bothered

bottle 装瓶 ; was bottled

bottom 到底部 ; was bottomed

bounce 跳 ; was bounced

bound 踉 ; was bounded

bow 鞠躬 ; was bowed

bowl 碗 ; was bowled

brain 大脑 ; was brained

brainstorm 头脑风暴 ; was brainstormed

brainwash 洗脑 ; was brainwashed

brake 制动 ; was braked

branch 分枝 ; not transitive

brand 铭记 ; was branded

breach 裂口 ; was breached

break 打破 ; was broken

breathe 呼吸 ; was breathed

breed 培育; was bred

brew 酿造 ; was brewed

bribe 行贿 ; was bribed

bridge 架桥 ; was bridged

bring 带来 ; was brought

broadcast 广播 ; was broadcast

brown 晒黑 ; was browned

browse 浏览 ; was browsed

bruise 擦伤 ; was bruised

brush 刷子 ; was brushed

buckle 扣 ; was buckled

budget 作预算 ; was budgeted for

bug 窃听 ; was bugged

bugger 操蛋 ; was buggered

build 建设 ; was built

bully 欺负 ; was bullied

bump 颠簸 ; was bumped

bunch 捆 ; was bunched up / was bunched together

bundle 捆 ; was bundled

burden 负担 ; was burdened

burgle 防盗 ; was burgled

burn 燃烧 ; was burned

burst 爆 ; was burst

bury 埋葬 ; was buried

bus 巴士 ; was bussed

bushwalk 到丛林徒步 ; not transitive

bust 破产 ; was busted

butt 夆 ; was butted

button 钮 ; was buttoned

buy 买 ; was bought

buzz 嗡嗡作 ; was buzzed

C

calculate 计算 ; was calculated

call 呼叫 ; was called

calm 平息 ; was calmed

calve 犊牛 ; not transitive

camp 露营 ; not transitive

campaign 征战 ; not transitive

can 可以 ; was canned

cancel 取消 ; was cancelled

cane 以杖击 ; was caned

cap 盖子; was capped

capture 捕获 ; was captured

care 关心 ; was cared for

caress 摩挲 ; was caressed

carjack 汽车千斤顶 ; was carjacked

carry 携带 ; was carried

cartwheel 车轮 ; not transitive

carve 刻 ; was carved

case 装 ... 入盒中 ; was cased

cash 兑现 ; was cashed

cast 投 ; was cast

catch 捕捉 ; was caught

categorise 分类 ; was categorised

cater 迎合 ; was catered for

catnap 打盹 ; not transitive

cause 导致 ; was caused by / was caused when

caution 警告 ; was cautioned

cease 停止 ; was ceased

celebrate 庆祝 ; was celebrated

certify 证明 ; was certified

chain 束缚 ; was chained

chair 使就任要职 ; was chaired by

challenge 挑战 ; was challenged

chance 发生 ; was chanced

change 更改 ; was changed

chant 呗 ; was chanted

charge 要价 ; was charged

chart 制图 ; was charted

chase 追; was chased

chat 交谈 ; was chatted to / was chatted up

cheat 欺骗 ; was cheated

check 校验 ; was checked

checkmate 将死 ; was checkmated

cheer 叫好 ; was cheered

chew 嚼 ; was chewed

chip 切 ; was chipped

choose 选择 ; was chosen

chop 劈 ; was chopped

circle 绕 ; was circled

circulate 流通 ; was circulated

clack 唠叨 ; not transitive

claim 要求 ; was claimed

clang 铛 ; was clanged

clap 鼓掌 ; was clapped

clash 冲 ; was clashed

class 类 ; was classed

classify 分类 ; was classified

clatter 铮铮 ; was clattered

claw 抓 ; was clawed

clean 清洗 ; was cleaned

cleanse 洁净 ; was cleansed

clear 明确 ; was cleared

click 拍答 ; was clicked

climb 爬 ; was climbed

clink 韵 ; not transitive

clip 修剪 ; was clipped

clipclop 马蹄声 ; not transitive

close 关闭 ; was closed

cluck 咕 ; not transitive

clump 集合 ; was clumped

cluster 簇 ; was clustered

clutch 抓 ; was clutched

coat 涂上 ; was coated

coerce 胁迫 ; was coerced

coil 盘 ; was coiled

coin 生造 ; was coined

collapse 崩溃 ; was collapsed

collect 收集 ; was collected

collide 相碰 ; was collided with

colour 绘画 ; was coloured

comb 梳 ; was combed

combine 结合 ; was combined

come 来 ; not transitive

comfort 慰 ; was comforted

command 指挥 ; was commanded

comment 评论 ; was commented on

commission 定做 ; was commissioned

commit 承诺 ; was committed

communicate 交流 ; was communicated with / was communicated to

compare 比较 ; was compared

compel 迫使 ; was compelled

compensate 补偿 ; was compensated

compete 竞争 ; was competed against

complain 抱怨 ; was complained about

complement 补充 ; was complemented by

complete 完成 ; was completed

compliment 赞扬 ; was complimented

compose 撰写 ; was composed

compound 合成 ; was compounded

comprehend 理解 ; was comprehended by

compress 压缩 ; was compressed

comprise 包括 ; was comprised of

compromise 折中 ; was compromised

compute 计算 ; was computed

conceive 构想 / 怀孕 ; was conceived

concentrate 浓缩 ; was concentrated

concrete 用混凝土覆盖 ; was concreted

condemn 谴责 ; was condemned

condition 造成 ; was conditioned

conduct 进行 ; was conducted

confess 承认 ; was confessed

configure 配置 ; was configured

confirm 确认 ; was confirmed

confiscate 没收 ; was confiscated

confront 面对 ; was confronted

confuse 迷惑 ; was confused

congratulate 祝贺 ; was congratulated

congregate 集合; not transitive

connect 连接 ; was connected

conquer 征服 ; was conquered

consider 考虑 ; was considered

consist 组成 ; not transitive

constitute 构成 ; was constituted

construct 构造 ; was constructed

construe 解释 ; was construed

consult 请教 ; was consulted

consume 消耗 ; was consumed

contact 联系 ; was contacted

contain 包含 ; was contained

contest 比赛 ; was contested

continue 继续 ; was continued

contract 缩 ; was contracted

contradict 顶撞 ; was contradicted

contrast 比较 ; was contrasted

contribute 贡献 ; was contributed

control 控制 ; was controlled

convert 兑换 ; was converted

convict 定罪 ; was convicted

convince 说服 ; was convinced

coo 鸽子叫 ; not transitive

cook 烹调 ; was cooked

cool 凉 ; was cooled

cooperate 合作 ; was cooperated with

coordinate 协调 ; was coordinated

cope 应付 ; was coped with

copulate 媾 ; was copulated with

copy 复制 ; was copied

correct 纠正 ; was corrected

corrupt 败坏 ; was corrupted

cost 花费 ; was costed

counsel 商议 ; was counselled

counter 应对 ; was countered

count 计数 ; was counted

couple 联结 ; was coupled

cover 覆盖 ; was covered

crack 裂缝 ; was cracked

crackle 裂纹 ; not transitive

cram 挤 ; was crammed

cramp 抽搐 ; was cramped

crash 摔坏 ; was crashed

crawl 爬行 ; not transitive

creak 咿 ; not transitive

cream 糊; was creamed

crease 皱 ; was creased

create 创造 ; was created

credit 信用 ; was credited

creep 爬行 ; not transitive

crimp 阻塞 ; was crimped

criticise 批评 ; was criticised

croak 嘶哑 ; not transitive

crop 修剪 ; was cropped

cross 横过 ; was crossed

cross-examine 盘问 ; was cross-examined

cross-fertilise [US: cross-fertilize] 交叉施肥 ; was cross-fertilised

crumb 捏碎 ; was crumbed

crunch 紧缩 ; was crunched

crush 粉碎 ; was crushed

cry 哭 ; not transitive

cruise 巡航 ; was cruised

cue 隐射 ; was cued

cuff 巴掌 ; was cuffed

cull 剔除 ; was culled

cultivate 培育 ; was cultivated

cup 喝杯 ; was cupped

curb 抑制 ; was curbed

cure 治愈 ; was cured

curl 卷边 ; was curled

curry 咖喱 ; was curried

curve 弯曲 ; was curved

cushion 坐垫 ; was cushioned

cut 砍 ; was cut

cycle 骑自行车 ; was cycled

D

dab 咮 ; was dabbed

dam 堨 ; was dammed

damage 损害 ; was damaged

dance 跳舞 ; was danced with

dare 敢 ; was dared

dash 冲撞 ; was dashed against (= hit)

date 迄今 ; was dated

dawn 破晓 ; not transitive

dead-head 免费旅行 ; was dead-headed

deafen 耳聋 ; was deafened

deal 发放 ; was dealt

debate 辩论 ; was debated

decay 腐烂 ; was decayed

decelerate 减速 ; was decelerated

decide 决定 ; was decided

declare 声明 ; was declared

decline 下降 ; was declined

decompose 分解 ; was decomposed

decorate 装饰 ; was decorated

decrease 减少 ; was decreased

decrypt 解密 ; was decrypted

defame 诽谤 ; was defamed

default 默认 ; was defaulted

defeat 击败 ; was defeated

defecate 大便 ; was defecated upon

defend 保卫 ; was defended

define 限定 ; was defined

delay 拖延 ; was delayed

delete 删除 ; was deleted

delight 悦 ; was delighted

deliver 递送 ; was delivered

demand 需求 ; was demanded

demolish 拆除 ; was demolished

demonstrate 示范 ; was demonstrated

demote 降级 ; was demoted

denigrate 诋毁 ; was denigrated

dent 削弱 ; was dented

deny 否定 ; was denied

depart 离开 ; was departed from

depend 依靠 ; was depended upon

deplane 飞机 ; not transitive

deposit 储蓄 ; was deposited

depress 压抑 ; was depressed

descend 下降 ; was descended

describe 描述 ; was described

desert 抛弃 ; was deserted

deserve 应得 ; was deserved

design 设计 ; was designed

desire 欲望 ; was desired

despatch 发货 ; was despatched

destroy 破坏 ; was destroyed

detail 详情 ; was detailed

detain 扣留 ; was detained

detect 探测 ; was detected

deter 阻止 ; was deterred

determine 决定 ; was determined

detonate 起爆 ; was detonated

develop 开发 ; was developed

devise 发明 ; was devised

diagnose 诊断 ; was diagnosed

dial 拨号 ; was dialled

dialyse 透析 ; was dialysed

dice 劈 ; was diced

die 死 ; not transitive

diecast 压铸 ; was diecast

diet 节余 ; not transitive

differ 不同 ; not transitive

dig 挖 ; was dug

digest 消化 ; was digested

diminish 减少 ; was diminished

dine 吃饭 ; was dined

direct 指导 ; was directed

disable 禁用 ; was disabled

disadvantage 危害 ; was disadvantaged

disagree 不同意 ; was disagreed with

disappear 消失 ; not transitive, although you can say "was made to disappear"

disappoint 辜负 ; was disappointed

disapprove 不赞成 ; was disapproved of

discharge 泄 ; was discharged

discipline 纪律 ; was disciplined

disconnect 断开 ; was disconnected

discount 贴现 ; was discounted

discover 发现 ; was discovered

discredit 抹黑 ; was discredited

discriminate 鉴别 ; was discriminated against

discuss 讨论 ; was discussed

disguise 伪装 ; was disguised

dislike 反感 ; was disliked

dismiss 解雇 ; was dismissed

disobey 违 ; was disobeyed

disparage 贬损 ; was disparaged

dispatch 派遣 ; was dispatched

dispense 豁免 ; was dispensed / was dispensed with

displace 替换 ; was displaced

display 显示 ; was displayed

displease 得罪 ; was displeased

dispose 处置 ; was disposed of

dispute 争 ; was disputed

disqualify 取消资格 ; was disqualified

disrupt 扰乱 ; was disrupted

distress 苦恼 ; was distressed

distribute 分发 ; was distributed

disturb 干扰 ; was disturbed

ditch 开沟 ; was ditched

dive 潜水 ; not transitive

diversify 多样化 ; was diversified

divert 转移 ; was diverted

divide 划分 ; was divided

divorce 离婚 ; was divorced

do 做 ; was done

dock 靠码头 ; was docked

document 记录 ; was documented

donate 捐赠 ; was donated

dose 服药 ; was dosed

double 加倍 ; was doubled

doubt 怀疑 ; was doubted

down 往下 ; was downed

draft 起草 ; was drafted

drag 拖累 ; was dragged

drain 排水 ; was drained

dramatise 戏剧化 ; was dramatised

draw 画 ; was drawn

dread 畏惧 ; was dreaded

dream 梦想 ; was dreamed / was dreamt

dredge 疏浚 ; was dredged

dress 衣 ; was dressed

drift 漂流 ; was drifted

drill 训练 ; was drilled

drink 饮 ; was drunk

drive 驾驶 ; was driven

drizzle 霂 ; was drizzled

drone 嘶 ; was droned

drop 下降 ; was dropped

drown 淹 ; was drowned

drug 吸毒 ; was drugged

drum 鼓 ; was drummed

dry 槁 ; was dried

duck 躲避 ; was ducked

dump 倾倒 ; was dumped

duplicate 复制 ; was duplicated

dust 掸 ; was dusted

dye 染 ; was dyed

E

earn 赚 ; was earned

ebb 退潮 ; not transitive

echo 呼应 ; was echoed

edit 编辑 ; was edited

elect 选 ; was elected

eliminate 排除 ; was eliminated

email 发邮件 ; was emailed

embark 搭乘 ; was embarked upon

embarrass 捉弄 ; was embarrassed

embezzle 挪用 ; was embezzled

embrace 拥抱 ; was embraced

emigrate 移民 ; not transitive

emit 发射 ; was emitted

empathise 移情 ; was empathised with

emphasise 注重 ; was emphasised

employ 采用 ; was employed

empty 倾倒 ; was emptied

encounter 遭遇 ; was encountered

encourage 鼓励 ; was encouraged

encrypt 加密 ; was encrypted

end 结束 ; was ended

endanger 危害 ; was endangered

endeavour 殚力 ; was endeavoured

endure 忍受 ; was endured

enforce 执行 ; was enforced

engage 从事 ; was engaged

enjoy 享受 ; was enjoyed

enlist 入伍 ; was enlisted

ensure 确保 ; was ensured

enter 进入 ; was entered

entertain 招待 ; was entertained

equal 等于 ; was equalled

equip 装备 ; was equipped

erase 擦除 ; was erased

escape 逃逸 ; was escaped from

escort 护送 ; was escorted

establish 建立 ; was established

estimate 估计 ; was estimated

etch 蚀刻 ; was etched

evaluate 评价 ; was evaluated

evaporate 蒸发 ; was evaporated

even 相等 ; was evened

evict 驱逐 ; was evicted

evolve 发展 ; was evolved

exaggerate 夸大 ; was exaggerated

examine 检查 ; was examined

excavate 挖掘 ; was excavated

exceed 超过 ; was exceeded

except 除去 ; was excepted

exchange 交换 ; was exchanged

excite 激发 ; was excited

exclude 排除 ; was excluded

excrete 排泄 ; was excreted

excuse 原谅 ; was excused

execute 执行 / 处死 ; was executed

exercise 锻炼 ; was exercised

exhaust 排气 ; was exhausted

exhibit 展示 ; was exhibited

exist 存在 ; not transitive

exit 出口 ; was exited

expand 扩大 ; was expanded

expect 期望 ; was expected

expel 驱逐 ; was expelled

expend 花费 ; was expended

experience 经验 ; was experienced

experiment 实验 ; was experimented upon

explain 说明 ; was explained

explode 爆炸 ; was exploded

exploit 利用 ; was exploited

explore 探索 ; was explored

export 出口 ; was exported

expose 暴露 ; was exposed

extend 延伸 ; was extended

extract 提取 ; was extracted

eye 细看 ; was eyed

F

fabricate 制造 ; was fabricated

face 面向 ; was faced

fail 失败 ; was failed

faint 昏 ; not transitive

fake 伪造 ; was faked

fall 落 ; not transitive

falsify 伪造 ; was falsified

falter 步履蹒跚 ; not transitive

fan 扇动 ; was fanned

fancy 想望 ; was fancied

farewell 告別 ; was farewelled

farm 去农场 ; was farmed

fasten 系 ; was fastened

father 发明 ; was fathered

fault 指责 ; was faulted

favour 促成 ; was favoured

fax 赋 ; was faxed

fear 恐 ; was feared

federate 联邦 ; was federated

feed 馈送 ; was fed

feel 感觉 ; was felt

fence 篱笆 ; was fenced

fence 用剑战斗 ; was fenced with

ferment 发酵 ; was fermented

fiddle 摆弄 ; was fiddled / was fiddled with

field 到场 ; was fielded

fight 战斗 ; was fought

file 归档 ; was filed

fill 填 ; was filled

film 拍摄 ; was filmed

filter 滤 ; was filtered

finalise 完成 ; was finalised

finance 资助 ; was financed

find 搜寻 ; was found

fine 罚款 ; was fined

finish 完 ; was finished

fire 解雇 ; was fired

firebomb 燃烧弹 ; was firebombed

fish 钓鱼 ; was fished

fit 适应 ; was fitted

fix 修理 ; was fixed

fizz 嘶 ; not transitive

flap 扇动 ; was flapped

flash 闪现 ; was flashed

flash-fry 快炒 ; was flash-fried

flatten 展平 ; was flattened

flavour 调味 ; was flavoured

flex 柔性 ; was flexed

flick 拂去 ; was flicked

float 浮动 ; was floated

flock 积累 ; was flocked

flog 鞭打 ; was flogged

flood 淹没 ; was flooded

floodlight 泛光 ; was floodlit

flop 翻牌 ; was flopped

floss 使用牙线 ; was flossed

flourish 繁荣 ; was flourished (= was waved about)

flow 流 ; was flowed

flowchart 到流程图 ; was flowcharted

flower 开花 ; not transitive

flush 冲洗 ; was flushed

fly 飞翔 ; was flown

foal 小马驹 ; was foaled

foam 起泡 ; was foamed

focus 集中 ; was focussed

fold 合拢 ; was folded

fool 糊弄 ; was fooled

fondle 挲 ; was fondled

forbid 禁止 ; was forbidden

force 迫使 ; was forced

forecast 预测 ; was forecast

foreclose 止赎 ; was foreclosed

foresee 预见 ; was foreseen

forge 锻造 ; was forged

forget 忘记 ; was forgotten

forgive 原谅 ; was forgiven

fork 扠 ; was forked

form 形成 ; was formed

forward 发送 ; was forwarded

foul 弄脏 ; was fouled

found 成立 ; was founded

fracture 折断 ; was fractured

frame 栽赃 ; was framed

franchise 特许经营 ; was franchised

free 豁免 ; was freed

freeze 冻结 ; was frozen

freight 装满 ; was freighted

frequent 翼庇 ; was frequented

frighten 吓唬, was frightened

frown 愁眉苦脸 ; was frowned upon

frustrate 阻挠 ; was frustrated

fry 炒 ; was fried

fuel 加燃料 ; was fuelled

function 活动 ; not transitive

fund 投资 ; was funded

furnish 装设 ; was furnished

fuss 计较 ; was fussed over / was fussed about

Here are the verbs with irregular endings, repeated: 以下是重复的不规则词尾动词：

babysit 保姆 ; was babysat

bear 承担 ; was borne / was born

begin 开始 ; was begun

bend 弯 ; was bent

bind 捆绑 ; was bound

bite 咬 ; was bitten

break 打破 ; was broken

breed 培育 ; was bred

bring 带来 ; was brought

burst 爆 ; was burst

buy 买 ; was bought

choose 选择 ; was chosen

cut 砍 ; was cut

deal 发放 ; was dealt

deny 否定 ; was denied

diecast 压铸 ; was diecast

dig 挖 ; was dug

do 做 ; was done

drink 饮 ; was drunk

drive 驾驶 ; was driven

fly 飞翔 ; was flown

floodlight 泛光 ; was floodlit

forbid 禁止 ; was forbidden

foresee 预见 ; was foreseen

forget 忘记 ; was forgotten

forgive 原谅 ; was forgiven

freeze 冻结 ; was frozen

To finish this lesson, please note that verbs that have no object cannot be put into the passive voice. 为了完成本课，请注意没有宾语的动词不能放入被动语态。

Examples are: arrive, come, die, exist, go, happen, have, live, occur, sleep, etc. 例如：到达、到来、死亡、存在、去、发生、拥有、生活、发生、睡眠等。