第52课：澳大利亚地理和气候
Lesson 52: Australian Geography and Climate
Australia is an island continent, the second largest island in the World. It is an arid country, except for the littoral (coastal region) where most people live. 澳大利亚是一个岛屿大陆，是世界上第二大岛屿。 这是一个干旱的国家，除了大多数人居住的沿海地区（沿海地区）。 |
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It is divided into 8 regions called States or Territories. From west to east and north to south they are Western Australia (WA), Northern Territory (NT), South Australia (SA), Queensland (QLD), New South Wales (NSW), Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Victoria (VIC) and Tasmania (TAS). 它分为8个区域，称为国家或地区。 从西到东，从北到南，它们是西澳大利亚州（WA），北领地（NT），南澳大利亚州（SA），昆士兰州（QLD），新南威尔士州（NSW），澳大利亚首都直辖区（ACT），维多利亚州（VIC） ）和塔斯马尼亚（TAS）。 |
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All states except ACT have a coastline. ACT is landlocked, entirely within NSW. 除ACT外，所有州都有海岸线。 ACT是内陆地区，完全在新南威尔士州内。 |
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Each State and territory has a capital city. They are Perth (WA), Darwin (NT), Adelaide (SA), Brisbane (QLD), Sydney (NSW), Canberra (ACT), Melbourne (VIC) and Hobart (TAS). 每个州和领地都有一个首都。 它们是珀斯（WA），达尔文（NT），阿德莱德（SA），布里斯班（QLD），悉尼（NSW），堪培拉（ACT），墨尔本（VIC）和霍巴特（TAS）。 |
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Canberra is the Federal (meaning, "National") capital as well as the capital of ACT. Federal Parliament is housed in Canberra, which is a city designed solely for that purpose. 堪培拉是联邦（意为“国家”）的首都，也是ACT的首都。 联邦议会位于堪培拉，这是一个专门为此目的而设计的城市。 |
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Australia's national anthem describes it as "land of drought and flooding rains", which is accurate. Only the littoral has reliable rainfall. Much of the interior is either unproductive desert or low-density livestock country. This is typically stocked with cattle at 2 animals per square kilometre: for example the McArthur River Station runs 17,000 cattle on 8,000 square kilometres. 澳大利亚的国歌将其描述为“干旱和降雨的土地”，这是准确的。 只有沿海地区有可靠的降雨量。 大部分内陆地区是非生产性沙漠或低密度牲畜国家。 这通常是每平方公里2只动物饲养的牛：例如，麦克阿瑟河站在8000平方公里的范围内运行17,000头牛。 |
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Rain, when it does come, can lead to flooding because sun-baked soil cannot easily absorb heavy rain. 雨来的时候，可能会导致水浸，因为晒太阳的土壤不容易吸收大雨。 |
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The climate ranges from tropical (NT and north QLD) to cool (TAS). Summer daytime temperatures inland regularly exceed 42 degrees Celsius. Even coastal cities can see high temperatures due to winds blowing from the interior. For example, Melbourne in February with a northerly wind can exceed 40 degrees. 气候范围从热带（NT和北QLD）到凉爽（TAS）。 夏季白天内陆气温通常超过42摄氏度。 即使是沿海城市也会因内部吹来的风而看到高温。 例如，墨尔本2月份的北风可以超过40度。 |
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Winter daytime maximum temperatures range from 32 celsius in Darwin to 5 celsius in Hobart, with daytime negative temperatures occurring on mountain ranges in TAS, VIC and NSW, and widespread negative temperatures at night. 冬季白天的最高温度范围从达尔文的32摄氏度到霍巴特的5摄氏度，白天的负温度发生在TAS，VIC和NSW的山脉，以及夜间广泛的负温度。 |
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Snowfall is common down to 500 metres elevation in NSW, VIC and TAS during the winter. 在冬季，新南威尔士州，维多利亚州和塔斯大学的海拔低至500米。 |
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