课78：更多的词既是名词/形容词又是动词，具有多种含义：A

Lesson 78: More Words that are Both Nouns/Adjectives and Verbs, with many Meanings: A

这些仍然有许多内容要教给您，因此它们被划分为许多不同的课程。 本课说明仅以A开头的单词。 这是一个很长的课程，其中包含许多示例。

There are many of these still to teach you, so they are divided between a number of widely spaced lessons. This lesson explains words starting with A only. It is a long lesson, with many examples.

示例与其定义一起显示，每个定义及其示例都有一个录音。

Examples are shown with their definitions, and there is one audio recording for each definition and its examples.

ACCESS 存取 / 通路 / 访问

access (n), accesses (pl) : The right to use or look at or obtain something. 使用或查看或获得某些东西的权利。

Examples: The bus has a "quick access" panel to give the driver quick and easy access to the motor. 示例：总线具有“快速访问”面板，使驾驶员可以快速轻松地访问电动机。

Hackers gained access to personal details of 30 million customers. 黑客获得了3000万客户的个人详细信息。

The divorced father has access to his children every second weekend. 离婚的父亲每隔两个周末即可与孩子见面一次。

access(n): The way of reaching a place or person. 到达某个地方或一个人的方式。

Examples: We had to use the main access to the hall to move in our equipment. 示例：我们必须使用进入大厅的主要通道来移动设备。

The only access to the village is by walking for 10 kilometres. 到村庄的唯一通道是步行10公里。

The Red Cross were allowed access to the hostages yesterday. 红十字会昨天被允许接触人质。

access (v): To be able to use or look at or obtain something. 能够使用或观看或获得某些东西

Examples: Almost all people on low incomes cannot access the housing market. 示例：几乎所有低收入者都无法进入房地产市场。

People living in rural areas often have difficulty accessing medical services. 生活在农村地区的人们常常难以获得医疗服务。

Banks have made it less difficult for people to access mortgage advice and funding. 银行使人们获得抵押贷款建议和资金的难度降低了。

You must be an academic to access these rare manuscripts. 您必须是学者才能访问这些稀有手稿。

I/you/we/they/ access, he/she/it/ accesses.
/am/is/are/ accessing.
/all/ accessed.
/was/were/ accessing.
/shall/will/ access.
/shall/will/ be accessing.

access (v): To be able to get to a place or person. 能够到达某个地方或一个人。

Examples: It's really hard for anyone in a wheelchair to access the library. 示例：坐轮椅的人真的很难进入图书馆。

The archive collection in the basement is accessed from the rear entrance. 从后门可以进入地下室的档案馆。

You need photo ID to access this research laboratory. 您需要带有照片的证件才能访问该研究实验室。

People must be able to easily access their local Member of Parliament (MP). 人们必须能够轻松访问其当地的国会议员（MP）。

access (v): To open a computer file or an Internet website. 打开计算机文件或互联网网站。

Examples: Fred has to enter two passwords to access his bank account. 示例：弗雷德必须输入两个密码才能访问他的银行帐户。

It's easy to use a smartphone to access the Internet. 使用智能手机可以很容易地访问互联网。

The Government's new "My Health Record" database lets you access your private health data. 政府的新“我的健康记录”数据库使您可以访问您的私人健康数据。

John uses special secure software to remotely access his business computer. 约翰使用特殊的安全软件来远程访问他的商务计算机。

"open-access" (adj) 开放存取: Available for everyone to use. 供所有人使用。

Examples: The "Arduino" programming software is open-access. 示例：“Arduino”编程软件是开放访问的。

Our Council recently set up an open-access drug injecting room. 我们的理事会最近建立了一个开放式毒品注射室。

"wheelchair access" (n) 轮椅通道: A way for somebody in a wheelchair to reach, enter and leave a place. 轮椅上的某人到达，进入和离开某个地方的一种方式。

Example: Businesses should, where possible, provide ramps for wheelchair access. 示例：企业应在可能的情况下提供坡道，以方便轮椅出入。

"access code" (n) 访问代码: A series of numbers or letters that has to be entered into a security machine such as a door lock to allow access. 必须将一系列数字或字母输入到安全设备中，例如门锁以允许进入。

Example: The access code for the campsite toilets and showers is 6831. 示例：露营地厕所和淋浴的访问代码为6831。

ACHE 疼痛 / 痻

ache (n) aches (pl): A pain that you may have all the time, but usually is not very strong. 您可能一直有一种痛苦，但通常不是很强烈。

Examples: The painkiller "Panadol" is good for most aches and pains. 示例：止痛药“ Panadol”对大多数疼痛和疼痛都有益。

As you age, you may develop many aches and pains. 随着年龄的增长，您可能会出现许多疼痛和痛苦。

Alice got an ache in her shoulder after reaching up to a high cupboard. 爱丽丝伸手去拿一个高柜子后，肩膀发酸。

Influenza gives you severe aches in your joints. 流感会给您的关节带来严重疼痛。

ache (n): Part of compound words such as "backache" / "earache" / "stomach ache" / "headache" / "toothache". 复合词的一部分，例如“腰酸” /“耳痛” /“胃痛” /“头痛” /“牙痛”。

Examples: Fred has had toothache for 3 days. 例子：弗雷德牙疼了三天。

Frank gets a backache if he stands still for a long time. 例子：如果弗兰克长时间站立不动，他的臀部会疼得厉害。

ache (v): To have a pain, perhaps all the time, but not very strong. 可能一直在痛苦，但不是很强烈。

Examples: Frank's legs ache after the morning's jog. 例子：早晨跑步后，弗兰克的腿酸了。

Muriel's arms ache from carrying heavy shopping. 穆里尔怀抱沉重的购物之痛。

Fred partied last night, and this morning his head aches. 弗雷德昨晚参加了聚会，今天早晨他的头很痛。

I/you/we/they/ ache, he/she/it/ aches.
/am/is/are/ aching (note spelling, no E).
/all/ ached (note spelling, single E).
/was/were/ aching.
/shall/will/ ache.
/shall/will/ be aching.

"To ache for something" = to want it very much. “为某事感到痛苦” =非常想要它。

Example: Yan aches to hold and kiss John. 例：艳痛抱着并亲吻约翰。

Alice was aching for the long, boring meeting to finish. 爱丽丝为长时间无聊的会议而痛苦。

"My heart aches for" = I feel very sorry for. “我为之心痛” =我为此感到非常遗憾。

Example: Muriel's heart aches for the children orphaned by the war in Syria. 例如：穆里尔为在叙利亚战争中成为孤儿的孩子感到心痛。

ACT 作为 / 法案 / 做

act (n), acts (pl): Something that you do. 您要做的事情。

Examples: For a country to invade another country is an act of aggression. 例子：一个国家入侵另一个国家是一种侵略行为。

The Victoria Cross is awarded to a soldier for an act of great bravery. 维多利亚十字勋章因表现出色而被授予一名士兵。

Running onto the road to save a toddler was a selfless act. 跑到路上救一个小孩是无私的行为。

His murder was an act of madness. 他的谋杀是一种疯狂的行为。

The law forbids the act of "insider trading" on the Stock Market. 法律禁止在股票市场上进行“内部交易”。

For the woman to give a beggar all her money was a very kind act. 对于这个女人来说，把所有的钱都捐给乞be是一种非常善良的行为。

The simple act of smiling at someone can make them feel better. 对某人微笑的简单举动可以使他们感觉更好。

For the young girl to phone the Fire Brigade and save her family was a very responsible act. 对于这个年轻的女孩来说，打电话给消防队并拯救她的家人是一个非常负责任的行为。

act (n): A law or other decision made by the ruler or rulers of a country. In Australia, this is the Federal Parliament. 一国的统治者制定的法律或其他决定 在澳大利亚，这是联邦议会。

Examples: Twenty years ago, Federal Parliament passed an act banning the ownership of automatic weapons. 例子：20年前，联邦议会通过了一项禁止拥有自动武器的法案。

Banks were recently prosecuted under the Money Laundering Act. 银行最近根据《洗钱法》被起诉。

act (n): A way of behaving that hides someone's real feelings. 一种隐藏某人真实感受的行为方式。

Examples: Was the accountant, convicted of cooking the books, really sorry or was that just an act? 例子：是被判犯有烧帐罪的会计师，是真的对不起还是仅是作为？

Betty says she is happy with her boss, but that may be an act. 贝蒂说，她对上司很满意，但这可能是一个举动。

act (n): A part of a play (= a performance in a theatre) or some other performance. 戏剧的一部分（=剧院里的表演）或其他表演。

Examples: In Shakespeare's play "Hamlet", Ophelia's death is announced in Act 4. 范例：在莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》中，第4幕宣布了奥菲莉亚的去世。

The British TV comedy act "Mister Bean" used to make us laugh our heads off. [Idiom = "to laugh very much"]. 英国电视喜剧片《豆先生》曾经使我们大笑不已。 [成语=“非常笑”]。

At the circus, a clown performed a juggling act. 在马戏团里，一个小丑表演了杂耍表演。

"A hard act to follow" = To be so good that it's unlikely that anything that follows will be as good. “要遵循的艰苦行动” =太好了，以至于随后发生的任何事情都不会那么好。

Examples: At the concert, the violin player was excellent; a hard act to follow. 例子：在音乐会上，小提琴演奏者非常出色； 很难遵循。

The scientist Linus Pauling won two Nobel prizes; a very hard act to follow! 科学家莱纳斯·鲍林获得了两次诺贝尔奖； 很难遵循！

"To get your act together" = To organize yourself to be more effective at whatever you're doing. “团结一致” =使自己在做任何事情时都更有效率。

Example: Fred was ordered to get his act together and sort out the stock records. 示例：弗雷德被要求把他的行为放在一起，并整理库存记录。

"A disappearing act" = To go out of sight, usually because you do not want to do something. “消失的行为” =消失，通常是因为您不想做某事。

Example: Our cat does a disappearing act whenever my sister brings her dog to visit. 例子：每当我姐姐带她的狗去看望时，我们的猫就会消失。

"An Act of God" = a serious event which cannot be forecast and usually cannot be insured against. “上帝的作为” =严重的事件，无法预测，通常也无法得到保障。

Example: The Brisbane floods were declared to be an Act of God, so many people were not insured. 示例：布里斯班洪水被宣布为上帝的作为，因此许多人没有投保。

"A juggling act" = literally, an act of juggling things, but also means a difficult situation where you are trying to do several things at the same time. Also called "a balancing act". “杂耍行为” =从字面上看，是一种杂耍行为，但也意味着您试图同时做几件事的困难处境。 也称为“平衡行为”。

Example: It's a juggling act for John to design this product with more features and greater reliability but a lower price! 示例：约翰设计该产品具有更多功能和更高的可靠性，但价格更低，这是一个杂耍性的举动！

With three countries involved in the conflict, the United Nations had to do a balancing act to bring an end to the fighting. 在三个国家卷入冲突的情况下，联合国必须采取平衡行动，结束战斗。

act (v): To behave in a certain way. 以某种方式表现。

Examples: The teenager's Mum told her "You're acting like a child!" 示例：少年的妈妈告诉她“您的行为像孩子一样！”

She acted as if she'd never driven a car before. 她的举止好像以前从未开车。

When his mother collapsed, the child acted very responsibly and called an ambulance. 当母亲崩溃时，孩子表现得很负责任，叫了一辆救护车。

I/you/we/they/ act, he/she/it/ acts.
/am/is/are/ acting.
/all/ acted.
/was/were/ acting.
/shall/will/ act.
/shall/will/ be acting.

act (v): To do something for a certain reason, or to solve a certain problem. 为了某种原因而做某事，或解决某种问题。

Examples: Electrical maintenance staff acted quickly to repair the downed power lines. 示例：电气维护人员迅速采取行动来维修被击落的电源线。

He never acts on other people's advice (= he never does what other people suggest). 他从不按照别人的建议行事（=他从不按照别人的建议去做）。

She acted without thinking of her own safety. 她的举动没有考虑到自己的安全。

You'll have to act quickly or you'll lose your chance. 您必须迅速采取行动，否则将失去机会。

It's important to act now to limit Global Warming, before it gets really serious. 在全球变暖严重之前，立即采取行动限制全球变暖很重要。

The oil companies acted illegally to fix prices. 石油公司采取非法行动来固定价格。

As your financial advisor, I have to act in your best interests . 作为您的财务顾问，我必须为您的最大利益而行动。

Acting on impulse (= without thinking before you act) can be dangerous or expensive. 冲动地行动（=在行动前不加思索）可能是危险的或昂贵的。

act (v): To have an effect. 产生作用。

Examples: The cut in interest rates by banks acted more slowly than expected. 例子：银行降息的行动比预期慢。

The anaesthetic acted quickly, and the next thing I knew, I was waking up in bed. 麻醉药迅速起作用，接下来我知道，我在床上醒来。

act (v): To perform a part in a play or a film. 表演在戏剧或电影中扮演角色。

Examples: Alice has never acted in a play before. 例子：爱丽丝从未演出过戏。

Julia Roberts was chosen to act the part of a lawyer in the new movie. 朱莉娅·罗伯茨被选为这部新电影的律师。

act (v): To behave in a certain way. 以某种方式表现。

Examples: I wish you would stop acting the fool. 例子：我希望你不再扮演傻瓜。

I realize you're nervous, but try to act confidently. 我意识到您很紧张，但请尝试自信地行动。

"To act as (something)" = To do a particular job, especially if it's not your usual job. To have a particular effect. “充当（某物）” =做一份特定的工作，尤其是当这不是您平常的工作时。 产生特殊的效果

Examples: I enjoy acting as Chair of our monthly meeting. 示例：我喜欢担任我们每月会议的主席。

Alice was asked to act as a co-ordinator of two projects. 爱丽丝被要求担任两个项目的协调员。

Several parents volunteered to act as chaperones for the school Prom. 一些父母自愿担任学校舞会的监护人。

The State Government believes that crushing offenders' cars will act as a deterrent to bad driving. 州政府认为，粉碎罪犯的汽车将对不良驾驶起到威慑作用。

Fred will be paid extra if he agrees to act as Quality Control Manager for a month. 如果同意担任一个月的质量控制经理，他将获得额外报酬。

"To act on behalf of" = to represent a person, company, etc. in a court of law. To represent a person, company, etc. in business matters. “代表……行事” =在法院代表个人，公司等。 在业务事务中代表个人，公司等。

Examples: It's sensible to have a solicitor to act on your behalf if you go to Court. 示例：如果您上法庭，请律师代您行事是明智的。

Sandra acts on her elderly mother's behalf to withdraw cash from her bank account. 桑德拉(Sandra)代表她年迈的母亲从她的银行帐户中提取现金。

Betty was authorized by her boss to act on behalf of her company at the conference. 贝蒂被老板授权在会议上代表她的公司行事。

ACTION 行动 / 动作 / 作用 / 行为 / 采取行动

action (n), actions (pl): Something that you do, or that is done to you. 您所做的或已完成的事情。

Examples: Being responsible means you have to accept the consequences of your actions. 负责任意味着您必须接受行为的后果。

Fred doesn't like having to explain his actions. 弗雷德不喜欢解释自己的行为。

The judge ruled that the defendant was mentally impaired and not responsible for her actions. 法官裁定被告精神受损，对其行为不承担任何责任。

The four civilians received Bravery Medals for their courageous actions. 四名平民因其勇敢行动而获得英勇勋章。

action (n): The process of doing something, especially if you are dealing with a problem. 做某事的过程，尤其是在处理问题时。

Examples: The Government must take action on rising electricity prices, or more Australian manufacturers will move overseas. 例如：政府必须对电价上涨采取行动，否则更多的澳大利亚制造商将向海外转移。

Preventing the spread of Swine Fever calls for prompt action from the Agriculture Department. 为防止猪瘟蔓延，农业部要求立即采取行动。

Most people agree with any action that will lower gas prices. 大多数人都同意采取任何降低汽油价格的行动。

When a swimmer is in trouble, the lifeguards swing into action (= start to do their work). 游泳者遇到麻烦时，救生员会采取行动（=开始工作）。

We support naval action in the Strait of Hormuz. 我们支持在霍尔木兹海峡的海军行动。

The Education Department has been spurred into action (= encouraged to do something) by lower student performance in maths and literacy. 由于学生在数学和识字方面的表现较低，教育部门被迫采取行动（鼓励做某事）。

We convinced our local Council of the need for action to deal with flooding in our street. 我们说服地方议会相信需要采取行动来应对我们街道的洪水。

"A plan of action" = What you plan to do. “行动计划” =您打算做什么。

Examples: What's our plan of action for fixing the leak in the roof? 示例：我们修复屋顶泄漏的行动计划是什么？

The whole World needs to agree on a plan of action to limit carbon dioxide emissions. 全世界需要就限制二氧化碳排放的行动计划达成共识。

action (n): A physical movement. 身体运动。

Examples: The cricketer's bowling action is excellent. 例子：板球运动员的保龄球表现出色。

The paraplegic can control her wheelchair with only a small finger action (= movement of her finger). 截瘫患者仅需很小的手指动作（即手指的运动）就可以控制轮椅。

This machine has a jerky action. 这台机器动作急躁。

The girl threw her hands up in a reflex action. 这个女孩举起手来进行反射动作。

action (n): Things that are happening, especially exciting or important things. Also, the place where these things are happening. 正在发生的事情，特别是令人兴奋或重要的事情。 此外，发生这些事情的地方。

Examples: I like reading fiction with a lot of action. 例子：我喜欢阅读小说，并且有很多动作。

"Terminator 2" is a typical action film with plenty of spectacular stunts. 《终结者2》是一部典型的动作片，有很多壮观的特技表演。

ABC journalists need to be where the action is. 美国广播公司的记者需要在行动中去。

In this movie, the action moves between a warship and the Syrian desert. 在这部电影中，动作在军舰和叙利亚沙漠之间移动。

action (n): The effect something has on another thing. 某物对另一物的影响。

Examples: Australian paramedics have to understand the action of snake and spider venom on the human body. 例如：澳大利亚医护人员必须了解蛇毒和蜘蛛毒液对人体的作用。

The action of waves on some of our coastal beaches is washing away their sand. 波浪在我们一些沿海海滩上的作用正在冲走它们的沙子。

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed by the action of water seeping through limestone. 钟乳石和石笋是由水渗入石灰石的作用形成的。

The law of "supply and demand" is simply the action of market forces. “供求关系”定律只是市场力量的行为。

action (n): An act or acts of fighting in a war. 战争中的一种或多种战斗行为

Examples: John's maternal grandfather saw action in the trenches in World War 1. 例子：约翰的外祖父在第一次世界大战的战trench中看到了行动。

A soldier whom we know has been reported as wounded in action in Afghanistan. 据报告，我们知道有一名士兵在阿富汗行动中受伤。

action (n): The way something moves or works. 事物移动或工作的方式。

Examples: At University, John studied the action of electrical breakdown in transistors. 示例：在大学里，约翰研究了晶体管中电击穿的作用。

This sports car has a rather heavy steering action. 这辆跑车的转向动作相当沉重。

action (n): A legal process that is decided in a Court. 由法院裁定的法律程序。

Examples: Many people are bringing actions against the Catholic Church, for compensation for their abuse by priests. 例子：许多人针对天主教会采取行动，以补偿他们被牧师虐待。

A politician has started a libel action against a journalist. 一名政治人物已对记者采取诽谤行动。

Betty's mother brought an action for negligence against the local Council, after she tripped on a footpath [US: sidewalk]. 贝蒂的母亲在人行道上绊倒后，提起了针对当地议会的疏忽诉讼。

"Actions speak louder than words" = what you do is more important than what you say. “行动胜于雄辩” =您做的比说的重要。

Example: People who waste water, then complain about water rationing, forget that actions speak louder than words. 例子：浪费水，然后抱怨配水的人们，忘记了行动胜于雄辩。

"Out of action" = not working or unusable. For a person, ill or injured so that they cannot do things they usually do. “失灵” =不起作用或不可用。 对于一个生病或受伤的人来说，他们无法做通常的事情。

Examples: Traffic lights are out of action up at the shopping centre. 例如：购物中心的交通信号灯失灵。

The footy player's ruptured ligament means he's out of action for the rest of the season. 脚步球员的韧带破裂意味着他在整个赛季的其余时间里都没有动作。

"A man of action" = someone who prefers to act rather than discuss things. “有行动的人” =宁愿做事而不是讨论事情的人。

Example: General James Doolittle, aviation pioneer, engineer and man of action, led a long-range air strike on Japan in 1942. 例子：航空先驱，工程师和行动人詹姆斯·杜利特尔将军在1942年对日本进行了一次远程空袭。

In the 1955 animated film "Man of Action", the hero mobilises his neighbourhood to act together to make change happen. 在1955年的动画电影《行动者》中，英雄动员他的邻居共同行动以实现改变。

"A piece/slice of the action" = involvement in something successful that someone else began. “动作的一部分/片段” =参与别人开始的成功的事情。

Examples: The share price of "buy now, pay later" companies has soared, and investors want a slice of the action. 示例：“立即购买，以后付款”公司的股价已经飙升，投资者希望分一杯行动。

Now that cannabis has been legalised, everyone wants a slice of the action. 现在大麻已经合法化，每个人都希望采取行动。

"Affirmative action" = action by a government or organisation that prefers disadvantaged people when it is choosing people for a job. “平权行动” =政府或组织在选择工作人员时偏爱弱势群体的行动。

Examples: The retailer "Bunnings" shows affirmative action in employing elderly workers. 示例：零售商“邦宁”显示出雇用老年工人的肯定行动。

Government agencies are taking affirmative action in employing disabled people. 政府机构在雇用残疾人方面正在采取平权行动。

"Direct action" = The use of strikes or protests to achieve a goal, instead of negotiations. “直接行动” =通过罢工或抗议来达成目标，而不是进行谈判。

Example: The Transport Union has been negotiating wages rises for three years, and will now take direct action. 示例：运输联盟已经谈判了三年的工资上涨，现在将采取直接行动。

"Class action" = A legal action brought by a group of people who all have the same legal problem. “集体诉讼” =由所有人都具有相同法律问题的一群人提起的法律诉讼。

Example: Three Australian companies are subject to class actions, claiming that they failed to keep shareholders informed. 示例：三家澳大利亚公司受到集体诉讼，声称它们没有使股东知情。

"Disciplinary action" = A method for dealing with a worker who causes problems or does not obey company rules. “纪律处分” =一种与引起问题或不遵守公司规则的工人打交道的方法。

Example: Fred's boss is considering disciplinary action against Fred to correct his regular lateness for work. 示例：弗雷德的老板正在考虑对弗雷德采取纪律处分，以纠正他的正常上班时间。

"Industrial action" = an occasion when workers act to try to force their employer to agree to something. The action may be a "go-slow" (where workers work slowly), a "work-to-rule" (where workers refuse to do any non-essential tasks) or a "strike" (where workers stop work, that is, they "down tools"). “工业行动” =工人采取行动强迫雇主同意某事的场合。 动作可以是“慢行”（工人工作缓慢），“按部就班”（工人拒绝执行任何不必要的任务）或“罢工”（工人停止工作，即 ，它们是“关闭工具”）。

Example: Workers at our local gas plant are threatening industrial action unless their wages are increased. 示例：我们当地天然气厂的工人威胁要采取工业行动，除非提高工资。

action (v): To do something to deal with a particular problem or matter. 做某事以解决特定的问题或事情。

Example: Alice has a number of points, arising from yesterday's software testing, that have to be actioned. 示例：爱丽丝有很多要归因于昨天的软件测试的要点。

Security staff at the shopping mall actioned the emergency procedure. 购物中心的保安人员采取了紧急措施。

I/you/we/they/ action, he/she/it/ actions.
/am/is/are/ actioning.
/all/ actioned.
/was/were/ actioning.
/shall/will/ action.
/shall/will/ be actioning.

ADDRESS 地址 / 住址 / 讲话 / 称呼 / 愬

address (n), addresses (pl): The house or building number, name of the road, name of the town and postcode for where a person lives or works, and where letters and parcels can be sent. 房屋或建筑物编号，道路名称，城镇名称和人员居住或工作地点的邮政编码，以及可以发送信件和包裹的地点。

Examples: His address is Apartment 211, 5 Banks Street, Box Hill, 3128. 范例：他的地址是3128，Box Hill，5 Banks Street，211 Apartment。

Police raided an address in Broadmeadows, believed to be a drug factory. 警方突袭了布罗德梅多斯的一个地址，据信这是一家毒品工厂。

Please send your reply to our new address. 请发送您的回复到我们的新地址。

A driving licence shows your name and address. 驾驶执照显示您的姓名和地址。

Frank wrote his name and address in boxes on an official form. 弗兰克在正式表格上的框中写下了他的名字和地址。

"Business address" = an address of a business, where employees of that business work. “公司地址” =该公司员工在其中工作的公司地址。

"Home address" = an address of a residence, where a person lives (that is, "resides"). “住所地址” =一个人居住的住所的地址（即“居住地”）。

"Mailing address" = a business, or a person, may have an address for receiving mail that is not their home or business address. Usually this is a "post office box" (PO Box), a private lockable compartment rented from a post office. Large businesses and Government departments may have a "locked bag", similar to a PO Box but designed for a large amount of mail. “邮寄地址” =企业或个人可能有一个地址用于接收不是其家庭或公司地址的邮件。 通常，这是一个“邮政信箱”（PO Box），这是从邮局租用的可上锁的私人隔层。 大型企业和政府部门可能有一个“锁袋”，类似于邮政信箱，但设计用于处理大量邮件。

Example: Centrelink's mailing address is Locked Bag 2, Melbourne 3001. 示例：中心链接的邮寄地址是Locked Bag 2，墨尔本3001。

"Change of address" = when a business or person moves from one address to a different address. Change of address notifications need to be sent to utility companies (electricity, gas etc), friends, relatives, suppliers, customers, banks, VicRoads, the Tax Office .... the list seems endless! “地址更改” =当企业或个人从一个地址移动到另一个地址时。 更改地址通知需要发送给公用事业公司（电力，天然气等），朋友，亲戚，供应商，客户，银行，VicRoads，税务局..清单似乎无休止！

Example: I haven't heard from this friend in ages - maybe he's changed his address. 例子：我很久没听说过这个朋友了，也许他已经改变了住址。

address (n): A series of letters and symbols that tell you where to find something on the Internet (also known as the "World Wide Web" or simply "Web"), or where you can send someone an email. 一系列字母和符号，告诉您在Internet上（也称为“万维网”或简称为“ Web”）中可以找到的内容，或可以向某人发送电子邮件的位置。

Examples: What's her email address? 示例：她的电子邮件地址是什么？

Can you remember this business's Web address? 您还记得该商家的网址吗？

address (n): The place where a piece of information is stored in the memory of a computer. 一条信息存储在计算机内存中的位置。

Example: the program stopped running, showing an error message "Memory access violation at address C3F5772A41BB62F7". 示例：程序停止运行，并显示错误消息“地址C3F5772A41BB62F7的内存访问冲突”。

address (n): A formal speech. 正式演讲。

Example: the Foreign Affairs Minister gave an address to the Indonesian Parliament. 例子：外交部长在印度尼西亚议会上发了言。

"accommodation address" = similar to a PO Box, an address that a person or company uses to receive mail that is not where they live. Some accommodation address businesses also rent offices or workspaces and provide administrative services. “住所地址” =类似于邮政信箱，个人或公司用来接收不在其居住地的邮件的地址。 一些住宿地址企业还租用办公室或工作区并提供行政服务。

Example: While working in London, John used an accommodation address in Harrow. 示例：约翰在伦敦工作时，使用了哈罗的住宿地址。

"forwarding address" = for someone who is changing their address, this is the address where they want their mail sent, perhaps only temporarily until they are settled at their new address. “转发地址” =对于正在更改其地址的某人，这是他们想要发送邮件的地址，可能只是暂时的，直到他们被安置在新地址上为止。

Example: One of Frank's neighbours gave him a forwarding address when they moved house. 示例：弗兰克的一个邻居搬家时给了他转寄地址。

address (v): To speak to someone. 与某人说话。

Examples: the politician stood up to address a noisy and angry crowd. 例子：政客站起来面对嘈杂和愤怒的人群。

"Please address your remarks to me!" said the Chairman. “请把你的话告诉我！” 主席说。

The important diplomat prefers to be addressed as "Your Excellency". 重要的外交官更喜欢被称为“阁下”。

I/you/we/they/ address, he/she/it/ addresses (note spelling, extra E).
/am/is/are/ addressing.
/all/ addressed.
/was/were/ addressing.
/shall/will/ address.
/shall/will/ be addressing.

address (v): To deal with some problem or important matter. 处理一些问题或重要的事情。

Examples: Who will operate the new train line? This issue needs to be addressed. 示例：谁来运营新的火车线？ 这个问题需要解决。

The Government is failing to address the problem of climate change. 政府未能解决气候变化问题。

The politician gave a long speech which did not actually address the issue. 这位政客发表了很长的讲话，但实际上并没有解决这个问题。

A new Government department is being set up to address the issue of homelessness. 正在建立一个新的政府部门，以解决无家可归问题。

address (v): To write a name and address on a letter or parcel. 在信件或包裹上写上姓名和地址。

Examples: Frank addressed a parcel to a friend, and wrote his home address (called a "return address") on the back of it. 示例：弗兰克向一个朋友寄了包裹，并在其背面写了他的家庭住址（称为“回邮地址”）。

Fred accidentally opened a letter that was addressed to someone else. 弗雷德不小心打开了一封给其他人的信。

AIM 目的 / 宗旨 / 瞄 / 瞄准

aim (n), aims (pl): a result that you plan to achieve. 您计划实现的结果。

Examples: the aim of the advertising campaign is to reduce smoking. 示例：广告活动的目的是减少吸烟。

The Government's aim is to raise recycling rates. 政府的目标是提高回收率。

Jan's aims in life are to work hard and be a good partner in a marriage. 简的人生目标是努力工作，成为婚姻的好伴侣。

The business's short-term aim is to refinance, then the long-term aim is to expand and become profitable. 企业的短期目标是重新融资，然后长期目标是扩大规模并实现盈利。

The aim of invading Iraq was to topple Saddam Hussein. 入侵伊拉克的目的是推翻萨达姆·侯赛因。

David's aim is to win the 400m race for the third year in a row. 大卫的目标是连续第三年赢得4亿场比赛。

aim (n): the act of pointing a weapon in the direction of someone or something. 将武器指向某人或某物的方向的行为。

Examples: The soldier took aim and fired two shots. 示例：士兵瞄准并开了两枪。

The archer fired 4 arrows at the target, but his aim was poor and none hit the bulls-eye. 弓箭手向目标发射了四箭，但他的目标很差，没有一个击中靶心。

aim (v): to intend. To plan to achieve. 打算。 要计划实现。

Examples: Fred aims to be a millionaire by the age of 40, but has no firm plan for achieving this. 示例：弗雷德的目标是到40岁时成为百万富翁，但没有实现这一目标的坚定计划。

The newly-arrived supermarket chain is aiming for a 10 percent share of the Australian food market within 5 years. 新成立的连锁超市的目标是在5年内占据澳大利亚食品市场10％的份额。

The tunnellers are aiming to complete the new Melbourne rail tunnel by 2023. 隧道人的目标是到2023年完成新的墨尔本铁路隧道。

We aim to reduce smoking rates by 20 percent in 3 years. 我们的目标是在3年内将吸烟率降低20％。

I/you/we/they/ aim, he/she/it/ aims.
/am/is/are/ aiming.
/all/ aimed.
/was/were/ aiming.
/shall/will/ aim.
/shall/will/ be aiming.

aim (v): to point or direct a weapon (including your fists) in the direction of someone or something that you want to hit. 将武器（包括拳头）指向或指向要击中的某人或某物的方向。

Examples: the soldier aimed a bit to the left of the target, to allow for the wind blowing from her left. 例如：士兵将目标对准目标的左侧，以允许风从她的左侧吹来。

When shooting arrows, from this distance, aim a bit higher than the target. 射箭时，请从该距离瞄准比目标高一点的目标。

David aimed a punch at his opponent's jaw. 大卫猛击对手的下巴。

Every American and Russian city has many nuclear weapons aimed at it. 每个美国和俄罗斯城市都有针对它的许多核武器。

The officer ordered his soldiers to aim and fire. 军官命令他的士兵瞄准并开火。

The policeman aimed a pepper-spray at the rioter. 警察向暴徒瞄准了胡椒喷雾。

aim (v): to go in the direction of somewhere. 去某个地方的方向。

Example: let's aim for Bendigo first, and then see how to get to Mildura. 示例：让我们首先瞄准本迪戈，然后看看如何到达米尔迪拉。

"aim at" = to plan, hope, or intend to achieve something. “瞄准” =计划，希望或打算达成目标。

Examples: the Government is aiming at a compromise with the Public Service Union, over wage rises. 例如：政府的目标是在工资上涨方面与公共服务联盟达成妥协。

Talks between America and China aimed at resolving the trade crisis broke down last night. 昨晚中美为解决贸易危机而进行的谈判破裂。

An Australian delegation is talking with Indonesian politicians, aiming at closer military co-operation. 一个澳大利亚代表团正在与印尼政客交谈，旨在加强军事合作。

"aim (something) at (somebody)" = if information is aimed at a particular group of people, it is made known in a way that influences them, or makes them interested in something. “（某物）针对（某人）” =如果信息针对的是特定人群，则该信息以影响他们或使他们对某事感兴趣的方式被公开。

Examples: this advertising campaign is aimed principally at women over 60. 示例：此广告系列主要针对60岁以上的女性。

The product is aimed at young people aged under 25. 该产品面向25岁以下的年轻人。

The new computer magazine is aimed at gamers. 新的计算机杂志是针对游戏玩家的。

ANSWER 回答 / 答案 / 解答 / 答 / 应答

answer (n), answers (pl): A reaction to a question, letter, phone call, email etc. 对问题，信件，电话，电子邮件等的反应

Examples: We emailed the company's CEO for a comment about the scandal, but we have not received an answer. 示例：我们通过电子邮件向公司首席执行官发送了有关该丑闻的评论，但尚未收到答复。

We've been phoning her office, but there is no answer. 我们一直在给她的办公室打电话，但没有答案。

Fred texted his girlfriend to see if she was free for dinner, but didn't receive an answer. 弗雷德给女友发短信，看她是否有空吃晚饭，但没有得到答复。

"I need an answer by this afternoon" said Betty's boss. 贝蒂的老板说：“到今天下午我需要一个答案。”

Politicans do not like giving straight answers. 政客们不喜欢直接给出答案。

answer (n): A solution to a problem. 解决问题的方法。

Examples: David got 28 answers right in his Statistics test. 大卫在他的统计测试中得到了28个答案。

Please write every answer on a fresh sheet of paper. 请在新纸上写下每个答案。

Do you know the answer to question 17? 您知道问题17的答案吗？

"There's no easy answer to the problem of teenage crime." said the expert. “对青少年犯罪问题没有简单的答案。” 专家说。

Isn't the answer obvious? 答案不明显吗？

Do you need a calculator, or can you work out the answer in your head? 您是否需要计算器，还是可以算出答案？

You'll never guess the answer, you have to reason it out. 您永远都不会猜出答案，必须要推理出来。

"(someone's) answer to (something)" = something or someone that is considered to be as good as something else. “（某人）对（某物）的回答” =某物或某物被认为与其他物一样好。

Example: Nicole Kidman is Australia's answer to Julia Roberts. 示例：妮可·基德曼是澳大利亚对朱莉娅·罗伯茨的回答。

answer (v): To say, write, or do something as a reaction to a question, letter, phone call, email etc. 说，写或做某事作为对问题，信件，电话，电子邮件等的反应

Examples: we emailed the company's CEO for a comment about the scandal, but he has not yet answered. 示例：我们通过电子邮件向公司首席执行官发送了有关该丑闻的评论，但他尚未回答。

I phoned your office five times, but nobody answered. 我打电话给你的办公室五次，但没有人回答。

Fred texted his girlfriend to see if she was free for dinner, but she didn't answer. 弗雷德发短信给女友看她是否有空吃晚饭，但她没有回答。

"You haven't answered my question!" said the interviewer to the politician. “你还没有回答我的问题！” 面试官对政客说。

In this exam, students should answer all questions as fully as possible. 在此考试中，学生应尽可能全面地回答所有问题。

On return from holiday, John spent half a day reading and answering 600 emails. 放假回来时，约翰花了半天时间阅读和回复600封电子邮件。

I/you/we/they/ answer, he/she/it/ answers.
/am/is/are/ answering.
/all/ answered.
/was/were/ answering.
/shall/will/ answer.
/shall/will/ be answering.

"to answer to the name of" = to be called by that name. “回答名字” =被那个名字叫。

Example: Does anyone here answer to the name of Fred Smith? 示例：这里有人回答弗雷德·史密斯的名字吗？

answer (v): To open the door to someone or pick up the phone. 向某人打开门或拿起电话。

Examples: Muriel said "Frank, there's someone at the door - would you answer it, please?" 例子：穆里尔说：“弗兰克，门口有人–请您回答吗？”

Muriel said "Frank, my mobile's ringing, my hands are wet, can you answer it, please?" 穆里尔说：“弗兰克，我的手机在响，我的手湿了，你能回答吗？”

Frank went into the kitchen to answer the phone. 弗兰克走进厨房接电话。

He leaped up to answer the door. 他跳起来接了门。

answer (v): To be suitable for someone's needs. 要适合某人的需求。

Examples: At Bunnings, the staff member showed John a special drill that answered his requirements exactly. 示例：在邦宁，该工作人员向约翰展示了一个特殊的演习，可以准确地满足他的要求。

Frank said to Muriel "I saw a second-hand sideboard today that might answer your needs in the kitchen". 弗兰克对穆里尔说：“今天我看到了一个二手餐具柜，可以满足您在厨房中的需求”。

"answer to" = To match a description. 匹配描述。

Example: Following an assault at the train station, a CCTV recording shows a person who answers to the victim's description exactly. 示例：在火车站发生袭击之后，CCTV录像显示一个人回答了受害者的描述究竟。

"answer back" = To react to criticism or instructions by arguing or being rude. 通过争论或粗鲁对批评或指示作出反应。

Examples: When Fred was in secondary school, he often was punished for answering back to his teachers. 例子：弗雷德在读中学时，经常因回覆老师而受到惩罚。

A politician heavily criticised in a TV documentary took the opportunity to answer back. 一位在电视纪录片中受到严重批评的政客借此机会作了答复。

"answer to" = To take orders from and be responsible to someone. 接受某人的命令并对某人负责。

Example: The best thing about working for yourself is that you don't have to answer to any boss. 示例：为自己工作最好的事情是，您不必回答任何老板。

ARREST 逮捕 / 拘留 / 拘捕 / 阻止 / 抓

arrest (n), arrests (pl): The act of arresting someone. 逮捕某人的行为。

Examples: Two arrests were made at Melbourne Airport, in connection with drug smuggling. 例子：在墨尔本机场，有两次与毒品走私有关的逮捕。

After his arrest for assault, the footy player started treatment for a heroin addiction. 在因殴打而被捕后，这位脚步运动员开始治疗海洛因成瘾。

Two teenagers were placed under arrest for shoplifting (= stealing goods from a shop). 两名少年因入店行窃而被逮捕（=从商店偷东西）。

On the afternoon of his arrest, the suspected thief was released on bail, to face court in three months. 在他被捕的下午，嫌疑贼被保释，并在三个月内面临法庭审判。

"wrongful arrest" = The arrest of a person who is later cleared of any criminal act. The arrest of a person mistaken for a criminal. “错误逮捕” =逮捕某人，该人后来被清除任何犯罪行为。 逮捕被误认为罪犯的人。

Example: Occasionally in Australia, a case of wrongful arrest becomes public, and the victim is usually well compensated by the Government. 例子：在澳大利亚，偶尔会发生一次不法逮捕案件，受害者通常会得到政府的赔偿。

arrest (v): Police taking away someone to ask them about a crime that they may have committed. 警察带走某人询问他们可能犯下的罪行。

Examples: A Broadmeadows man was arrested when police raided a drugs factory. 示例：警察突袭一家毒品工厂时，一名宽阔的草甸男子被捕。

The MP was arrested for drinking and driving. 国会议员因酒后驾驶被捕。

Three demonstrators were arrested and charged with assaulting Police. 三名示威者被捕，并被控袭击警察。

Two people were arrested at Melbourne Airport with many amphetamine tablets in their luggage. 两人在墨尔本机场被捕，他们的行李中装有许多苯丙胺片。

Three robbers were arrested in Oakleigh. 三名劫匪在奥克利被捕。

Police arrested a senior student pushing drugs at his secondary school. 警方逮捕了一名在中学推毒的高年级学生。

The robbers were arrested by two plain-clothes policemen. 劫匪被两名便衣警察逮捕。

I/you/we/they/ arrest, he/she/it/ arrests.
/am/is/are/ arresting.
/all/ arrested.
/was/were/ arresting.
/shall/will/ arrest.
/shall/will/ be arresting.

arrest (v): To stop or slow down the development of something. 停止或减缓某些事物的发展。

Examples: The guard wires safely arrested the runaway car, before it went over a cliff. 示例：警戒线在越过悬崖之前安全地逮捕了这辆失控的汽车。

The new treatment for Multiple Sclerosis has been proved to arrest the spread of the disease. 事实证明，新的治疗多发性硬化症的方法可以阻止疾病的传播。

arrest (v): To attract or catch someone's attention. 吸引或引起某人的注意。

Example: A photo of a drowned young refugee arrested the attention of millions of people around the world. 示例：一张淹死的年轻难民的照片引起了全球数百万人的关注。

AUCTION 拍卖

auction (n), auctions (pl): A sale of goods or property, usually public, where people ("bidders") make higher and higher "bids" (= offers of money) for each thing, which sells to the person who pays most. 货物或财产的销售，通常是公共的，人们（“投标人”）为每件事情做出越来越高的“投标”（=金钱的要约），并卖给支付最高的人。

Examples: Auctions are a very popular way of selling houses in Melbourne. 示例：拍卖是在墨尔本出售房屋的一种非常流行的方式。

The recently-discovered painting will be sold at auction in two weeks. It may be viewed at the auctioneers' business. 最近发现的这幅画将在两周内拍卖。 可以在拍卖行进行查看。

Fred bought a motor-bike for a song (= for very little money) at an auction. 弗雷德在一次拍卖会上以一首歌（=很少的钱）买了一辆摩托车。

"Dutch auction" = An auction at which the price being asked for something is slowly reduced until it sells. “荷兰式拍卖” =拍卖，在该拍卖中，要价逐渐降低，直到卖出为止。

Example: At our local market, on Saturday afternoon there is a Dutch auction of fruit and vegetables, which otherwise would be thrown out. 示例：在我们当地的市场上，周六下午有一次荷兰水果和蔬菜拍卖，否则将被扔掉。

"sealed-bid auction" = An auction in which buyers have just one chance to make a secret bid. The goods may sell to the highest bidder, or may not sell at all. “密封竞标拍卖” =买方只有一次机会进行秘密竞标的拍卖。 货物可能卖给出价最高的人，也可能根本不卖。

Example: Two commercial properties were sold by sealed-bid auction last weekend. In both cases the prices paid were surprisingly high. 示例：上周末通过密封标价拍卖出售了两个商业物业。 在这两种情况下，支付的价格都高得惊人。

"Silent auction" = an auction where people write down their names and bids on a piece of paper by each item for sale. This is public, so people can easily see what they need to bid in order to win. The auction lasts an hour or two, usually as part of a charity event. The Internet equivalent is a site like eBay, but there auctions can last for days or weeks. “无声拍卖” =人们将每种待售物品的名字和标价记在纸上的拍卖。 这是公开的，所以人们可以很容易地看到他们需要出价才能赢。 拍卖持续一两个小时，通常是慈善活动的一部分。 互联网相当于eBay之类的网站，但拍卖可以持续数天或数周。

Example: Betty attended an evening function that had a silent auction to raise funds for a local kindergarten. 示例：贝蒂参加了一场夜间活动，该活动进行了无声拍卖，为当地一家幼儿园筹集资金。

auction (v): To sell something by auction. 通过拍卖卖东西。

Examples: The stamps will be auctioned tomorrow. 示例：邮票将于明天拍卖。

The family is auctioning its art collection. 这个家庭正在拍卖其艺术品。

I/you/we/they/ auction, he/she/it/ auctions.
/am/is/are/ auctioning.
/all/ auctioned.
/was/were/ auctioning.
/shall/will/ auction.
/shall/will/ be auctioning.