课87：更多的词既是名词/形容词又是动词，具有多种含义：C（第2部分）

Lesson 87: More Words that are Both Nouns/Adjectives and Verbs, with many Meanings: C (Part 2)

COLOUR 颜色 / 彩色 / 脸色 / 绘画 / 脸红

colour (n), colours (pl): [US: color, colors]: The appearance of an object depending on the wavelengths of light it reflects: red, green, blue, black and so on. 对象的外观取决于它反射的光的波长：红色，绿色，蓝色，黑色等。 Examples: John's favourite colour is green. 示例：约翰最喜欢的颜色是绿色。 Can I buy that style of shirt in any other colour? 我可以购买其他颜色的那种风格的衬衫吗？ Bright colours go well with her dark skin. 深色与深色皮肤搭配得很好。

colour (n): The visual effect of a bright colour, or of a lot of colours together. 明亮色彩或多种色彩的视觉效果。 Examples: To add some colour to her kitchen, Alice painted one wall red. 示例：为了给厨房增添色彩，爱丽丝将一堵墙漆成了红色。 When Spring comes to the Outback, masses of white, yellow and purple flowers give the brown landscape some colour. 当春天到内陆时，大量的白色，黄色和紫色花朵为棕色的风景增添了色彩。

"ablaze with colour" = nothing to do with a fire, this English idiom means having a large collection of different colours. “有颜色的火焰” =与火无关，这个英语成语意味着要收集大量不同的颜色。 Example: In spring and summer, Muriel's garden is ablaze with colour. 示例：在春季和夏季，穆里尔（Muriel）的花园充满了色彩。

"a riot of colour" = nothing to do with a disturbance, this English idiom means a large collection of different colours. “色彩暴动” =与干扰无关，这个英语习语表示大量不同颜色的集合。 Example: Betty decorated her family room with a riot of colour. 例子：贝蒂用色彩缤纷的装饰品装饰她的家庭房间。

colour (n): A chemical (pigment or dye) added to something to give it a required colour. 一种化学物质（颜料或染料）添加到某种东西上以赋予它所需的颜色。 Example: At the paint shop, a machine dispensed the correct amounts of pigment to produce the wanted colour of paint. 示例：在油漆车间，一台机器分配正确数量的颜料以产生所需的油漆颜色。 Fred put a new purple shirt in a hot wash with singlets and underpants and when the colour ran (= came out of the shirt's material) he got a load of light-purple underwear. 弗雷德（Fred）用一条汗衫和内裤洗净了一件新的紫色衬衫，当颜色消失时（=从衬衫的材料中消失），他得到了一堆浅紫色内衣。

"colour-fast" (adj) = coloured with a dye that will not run. “不褪色”（adj）=用不会褪色的染料着色。 Example: New clothes, even if labelled colour-fast, should have their first wash by themselves. 示例：即使标有不褪色的新衣服，也应自己先洗。

"colour-coded" (adj) = a way of putting objects in classes using colour, perhaps by sticking coloured labels on them. “颜色编码”（adj）=一种使用颜色将对象放在类中的方法，可能是通过在对象上粘贴彩色标签。 Example: Our local bookshop sells second-hand books, priced at $1, $2 or $3 using colour-coded stickers. 示例：我们当地的书店出售二手书，使用彩色编码的贴纸定价为$ 1，$ 2或$ 3。

"colour-blind" (adj) = unable to see differences between certain colours. “色盲”（adj）=无法看到某些颜色之间的差异。 Example: People who are colour-blind may have problems telling red from green, which makes driving a vehicle difficult for them. 示例：色盲的人可能难以分辨绿色，这使他们驾驶汽车变得困难。

"off-colour" (adj) = rude. “色差”（adj）=粗鲁。 Example: One of Fred's colleagues told an off-colour joke at work. 例子：弗雷德的一位同事在工作中讲了一个笑话。

"off-colour" (adj) = unwell. “变色”（adj）=不适。 Example: "I feel a bit off-colour today" said Muriel, "Perhaps I've caught a virus". 示例：“今天我感觉有点变色”，穆里尔说，“也许我感染了病毒”。

colour (n): The pink colour of your face, which may show you are healthy or unhealthy. 脸部呈粉红色，可能表示您健康或不健康。 Examples: Frank's long walk put a healthy colour into his cheeks. 例子：弗兰克（Frank）的长途跋涉为他的双颊注入了健康的色彩。 Betty's boss has a high colour, which may mean his blood pressure is too high. 贝蒂的老板肤色很高，这可能意味着他的血压太高了。

"colour drains from your face" = some bad news or a scare causes your face to become pale. “颜色从您的脸上流失” =一些坏消息或恐慌导致您的脸色苍白。 Example: The colour drained from the mother's face when she learned that her children had been injured at school. 示例：当母亲得知自己的孩子在学校受伤时，颜色从母亲的脸上流失。

colour (n): An interesting quality of something. 有趣的东西。 Examples: Reporters working for our local newspaper always try to add local colour to their stories. 示例：为我们当地报纸工作的记者总是试图在他们的故事中添加当地色彩。 A band of Malaysian drummers added a bit of colour to the fair. 一群马来西亚鼓手为博览会增添了色彩。

colour (n): The natural colour of a person's skin, showing their race. 人的皮肤的自然色，显示出他们的种族。 Examples: Australian businesses may not discriminate against people seeking a job on the basis of their age, colour or religion. 示例：澳大利亚企业可能不会基于年龄，肤色或宗教信仰来歧视求职者。 Bright clothes suit that African woman's skin colour. 鲜艳的衣服适合非洲女人的肤色。

"a person of colour" = a person who does not consider themselves to be white. “有色人种” =不认为自己是白人的人。 Examples: People of colour experience discrimination in many countries. 示例：在许多国家，有色人种受到歧视。 Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama are proud women of colour. 奥普拉·温弗瑞（Oprah Winfrey）和米歇尔·奥巴马（Michelle Obama）是有色人种的骄傲女性。

"colour bar" = discrimination that bars (= prevents) people of a certain colour from taking part in activities with people of another colour. “色条” =歧视（禁止）某种颜色的人参加另一种颜色的人的活动。 Example: For decades, a colour bar existed in South Africa, called "apartheid" meaning "separate development". 示例：几十年来，南非一直存在一种色标，称为“种族隔离”，意思是“独立发展”。

colour (n): The official flag of a ship or military group. 船或军事集团的官方旗帜。 Example: The warship showed its defeat by striking its colours (= pulling down its flag). 示例：军舰通过打败其颜色（=拉下其旗帜）来表明其失败。 John has a photo of his grandfather standing by his regimental colours. 约翰有一张祖父站在他的军团颜色旁边的照片。

"see someone's true colours" = to find out what someone truly thinks or believes. “看某人的本色” =找出某人的真实想法或信念。 Example: The salesman was friendly and informative, but he showed his true colours when he realised we weren't going to buy at that time. 例子：推销员很友善，提供的信息丰富，但是当他意识到我们当时不打算购买时，他展示了自己的本色。

"show your true colours" = to reveal what you truly think or believe. “显示您的本色” =揭示您真正的想法或信念。 Example: Betty often wonders what her Boss is thinking; he never shows his true colours. 例子：贝蒂经常想知道老板在想什么； 他从不显示自己的本色。

colour (adj): A description of a system for showing images such as TV or printing that shows things in colour, not just black and white. 对用于显示图像（例如电视或印刷品）的系统的描述，该系统以彩色而非黑色显示事物。 Example: John worked as a designer of one of the first colour TVs to be locally manufactured. 示例：John曾是第一批本地生产的彩色电视的设计师。

colour (v): To make something a certain colour. To become a certain colour. 使某物具有某种颜色。变成某种颜色。 Examples: Muriel's grand-daughter carefully coloured a picture of a cockatoo. 例如：穆里尔（Muriel）的孙女仔细地为美冠鹦鹉照片上色。 Fry the garlic in olive oil until it starts to colour. 用橄榄油将大蒜炒熟，直到其开始变色。 I/you/we/they/ colour, he/she/it/ colours. /am/is/are/ colouring. /all/ coloured. /was/were/ colouring. /shall/will/ colour. /shall/will/ be colouring.

colour (v): To become pink in the face because you are embarrassed. 因为尴尬而脸红。 Example: Alice coloured when she realised her mistake while addressing a meeting. 示例：当爱丽丝在一次会议上意识到自己的错误时上色。

"colour an opinion" = to affect someone's thoughts about something. “给意见加色” =影响某人对某事的想法。 Example: Fred tries to not allow his opinion of the Police to be coloured by his past experiences. 例子：弗雷德（Fred）试图不让他对警察的看法受他过去的经历所影响。

COMB 梳 / 梳子 / 篦

comb (n), combs (pl): A flat piece of plastic, wood, or metal with a thin row of long "teeth" along one edge, used for arranging your hair. 一块塑料，木头或金属制成的扁平片，在其边缘上有一排细长的长“牙齿”，用于整理头发。 Examples: May I borrow your comb, please? 例子：我可以借你的梳子吗？ Alice always carries a comb in her handbag. 爱丽丝总是在手提包里放一把梳子。

comb (n): A soft, red growth on the head of a chicken. 鸡头上有柔软的红色生长物。 Example: Chicken combs remind John of floppy red rubber gloves. 示例：鸡梳使约翰想起了松软的红色橡胶手套。

comb (v): To tidy your hair using a comb. 用梳子整理头发。 Examples: Alice carefully combed her hair before meeting her date. 例子：爱丽丝在约会之前仔细梳理了头发。 If you get snags in your hair, you can try to gently comb them out (= remove using a comb). 如果您的头发有毛刺，可以尝试将其轻轻梳理（=用梳子去除）。 I/you/we/they/ comb, he/she/it/ combs. /am/is/are/ combing. /all/ combed. /was/were/ combing. /shall/will/ comb. /shall/will/ be combing.

comb (v): To search a place very carefully in order to find something. 为了找到东西而非常仔细地搜索一个地方。 Example: John combed the side of the road for a piece that fell off his van. 例子：约翰在路边梳理了一块从货车上掉下来的东西。 Arson investigators combed through the blackened, smoking wreckage. 纵火调查人员对发黑，抽烟的残骸进行了梳理。 A team of accountants combed through old records looking for examples of cooking the books. 一组会计人员对旧的记录进行了梳理，以查找烹饪书籍的示例。

COMFORT 安慰 / 慰藉 / 舒服 / 慰 / 宽慰 / 抚

comfort (n): A feeling of being free from stress, unhappiness or pain. 摆脱压力，不快乐或痛苦的感觉。 Examples: Today is a bit cold for comfort. 例子：今天舒适有点冷。 The long warranty on this car gives you a lot of comfort. 这辆车的长期保修给您带来很多舒适感。 Many people are able to work from the comfort of their home. 许多人都可以在家中舒适地工作。 This parka has thick padding for comfort. 这款派克大衣具有厚实的填充物，可带来舒适感。

comfort (n): Something that makes you feel better if you have been stressed, unhappy or in pain. 如果您感到压力，不开心或痛苦，会使您感觉更好。 Example: Sandra was a great comfort to her mother, following her father's early death. 示例：桑德拉（Sandra）在父亲去世后给母亲以极大的安慰。

"If it's any comfort to you" = if it makes you feel better. “是否会让您感到舒适” =是否会让您感觉更好。 Example: If it's any comfort to you, I was unemployed for a year as well, but I found another job. 示例：如果您感到舒适，我也失业了一年，但我找到了另一份工作。

"It's some comfort to you" = it makes you feel less sad. “给你一些安慰” =使您感到不那么悲伤。 Example: It was some comfort to his family that his death was so quick, he suffered very little. 例子：他的家人过得如此快，使他遭受的痛苦很小，这令他的家人感到安慰。

comfort (n): The state of living a happy life with enough money for your every want. 一种幸福生活的状态，有足够的钱满足您的每一个需求。 Examples: If Yan won the lottery, she would live in comfort for the rest of her life. 示例：如果艳赢得彩票，她将终生安逸。 Betty has a well-paid job that allows her to keep her family in comfort. 贝蒂有一份高薪工作，可以让她的家人过得舒适。

"creature comfort" = something that makes life pleasant, such as air-conditioning, good food and a comfortable bed. “生物舒适度” =使生活愉悦的事物，例如空调，美味佳肴和舒适的床。 Example: After two weeks' bushwalking, the friends enjoyed some creature comforts at a 4-star hotel. 示例：经过两周的丛林徒步旅行，朋友们在一家四星级酒店享受了一些动物般的舒适。

"comfort break" / "comfort stop" = an opportunity during some long activity to relax, eat and use the toilet. “舒适休息” /“舒适停止” =在长时间的活动中有机会放松，进食和上厕所。 Example: The trip was very long, so passengers had a comfort break every two hours. 示例：行程很长，因此乘客每两小时休息一次。

comfort (n): Something that makes your life easy and happy. 使您的生活轻松愉快的事物。 Example: After a long business trip, John enjoys returning to some home comforts. 示例：经过长时间的商务旅行，约翰喜欢回到家中舒适一些。

"comfort food" = food that you like to eat when you are stressed or unwell. “舒适食物” =在压力或不适时喜欢吃的食物。 Example: In the middle of Winter, Frank and Muriel's comfort food is beef and vegetable soup. 示例：在冬季中期，弗兰克和穆里尔（Frank and Muriel）的舒适食品是牛肉和蔬菜汤。

comfort (v): To make someone feel better when they are sad, stressed or unwell. 使某人在悲伤，压力或不适时感觉更好。 Example: People who lost their homes in the bushfire are comforted by donations of food, shelter and money. 例子：在森林大火中失去家园的人们因捐赠食物，住所和金钱而感到安慰。 I/you/we/they/ comfort, he/she/it/ comforts. /am/is/are/ comforting. /all/ comforted. /was/were/ comforting. /shall/will/ comfort. /shall/will/ be comforting.

comfortable (adj): Giving comfort. 给人安慰。 Examples: Yan likes to snuggle down in a comfortable bed. 范例：艳喜欢躺在舒适的床上。 The billionaire lives a comfortable life on his own Caribbean island. 这位亿万富翁在自己的加勒比海岛屿上过着舒适的生活。

discomfort (n): The opposite of comfort. 舒适的反面。 Example: We bumped along the desert track in some discomfort due to the heat, dust and bumpy ride. 示例：由于高温，灰尘和颠簸行驶，我们在沙漠步道上感到有些不适。

COMPLETE 完成 / 完毕 / 完整 / 完全 / 齐全 / 完备

complete (n): There is no noun "complete". There is a noun "completion", meaning the end stage of some task. 没有名词“ complete”。 有一个名词“ completion”，表示某些任务的结束阶段。 Example: Completion of the new Melbourne rail tunnel is scheduled for 2023. 示例：新的墨尔本铁路隧道计划于2023年完工。

complete (v): To make something whole or perfect. 使变得完整或完美。 Examples: All the couple needed to complete their happiness was a baby. 例子：要实现幸福的所有夫妻都是婴儿。 Frank needed only 3 more screwdrivers to complete a set. 弗兰克只需要再用3个螺丝起子即可完成安装。 You need a full-stop, question-mark etc to complete an English sentence. 您需要句号，问号等来完成英语句子。 A wide-screen TV completed the furnishings in the living room. 宽屏电视完成了客厅的摆设。 I/you/we/they/ complete, he/she/it/ completes. /am/is/are/ completing (note spelling, single -E). /all/ completed (note spelling, just one -E before -D). /was/were/ completing. /shall/will/ complete. /shall/will/ be completing.

complete (v): To write all the information asked for on a document. 将所有要求的信息写在文档上。 Example: It took Yan half an hour to complete her application form. 范例：艳花了半个小时才完成她的申请表。 Frank completed the list of people to attend his 70th birthday party. 弗兰克完成了参加他的70岁生日聚会的人员名单。

complete (v): To finish doing some task. 完成一些任务。 Examples: The writer just completed his latest travel book. 例子：作者刚刚完成了他最新的旅行书。 The violinist will complete her studies in the USA. 小提琴家将在美国完成学业。 The tunnellers are aiming to complete the new Melbourne rail tunnel by 2023. 隧道人的目标是到2023年完成新的墨尔本铁路隧道。 休息，然后按自己的方式行事。

complete (adj): Very great, or as great as possible. 非常好，或尽可能好。 Examples: Fred made a complete and utter mess of running the Quality Control Department. 例子：弗雷德彻底搞乱了质量控制部门的运作。 Alice and the Accounts Clerk decided to make a complete break, and go their own ways. 爱丽丝和帐务员决定彻底休息一下，走自己的路。 This politician is a complete idiot! 这个政客是个白痴！ Betty needs a break from work, a complete change of scene. 贝蒂需要下班休息，彻底改变现场。

complete (adj): Having all its parts. 有其所有部分。 Example: John has a complete set of Beethoven piano sonatas. 示例：约翰有一套完整的贝多芬钢琴奏鸣曲。 Sun, sand, and sex - Fred's holiday was complete. 太阳，沙子和性爱-弗雷德的假期完成了。 Alice's presentation was complete with (= it included) flowcharts and screenshots. 爱丽丝（Alice）的演示文稿完整（包括）流程图和屏幕截图。

completely (adv): Totally, or as much as possible. 完全或尽可能多。 Examples: to make way for a coal mine, two towns east of Melbourne were completely moved in the mid-1900s. 例子：为煤矿铺路，墨尔本以东的两个城镇在1900年代中期完全搬迁。 Essendon were completely beaten by Box Hill at footy. 埃森登（Essendon）在山脚下被Box Hill完全击败。

CONCRETE 具体 / 实际 / 混凝土配合 / 砂浆

concrete (n), concretes (pl): A hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, gravel and water, which hardens as it dries. 硬质建筑材料，通过将水泥，沙子，砾石和水混合在一起制成，干燥后会变硬。 Examples: Most new houses in Australia are built on concrete slabs. 示例：澳大利亚的大多数新房都建在混凝土板上。 Frank laid a concrete path in his back garden. 弗兰克在他的后花园铺了一条水泥路。 A stray dog walked on the new concrete footpath before it had set (= hardened). 一只流浪狗在它凝固之前就在新的水泥人行道上行走。 Some Eastern European cities have many plain concrete apartment blocks. 东欧一些城市有许多普通混凝土公寓楼。

"reinforced concrete" = concrete that has been strengthened by putting steel rods inside it. “钢筋混凝土” =通过将钢棒放入其中而得到加强的混凝土。 Example: The motorway bridge is made of reinforced concrete, with an asphalt roadway on top. 示例：高速公路桥由钢筋混凝土制成，顶部有沥青路面。

concrete (v): To cover something in concrete. 覆盖混凝土中的东西。 Example: The family concreted over their front garden to provide parking for their cars. 一家人在前花园浇筑水泥，为自己的汽车提供停车位。 I/you/we/they/ concrete, he/she/it/ concretes. /am/is/are/ concreting (note spelling, single -E). /all/ concreted (note spelling, just one -E before -D). /was/were/ concreting. /shall/will/ concrete. /shall/will/ be concreting.

concrete (adj): A certain or provable idea. 某个或可证明的想法。 Example: Police think their suspect committed three burglaries, but they have no concrete evidence. 示例：警察认为嫌疑犯犯了三起盗窃案，但没有具体证据。

concrete (adj): Something that is real and can be seen or felt. 真实的东西，可以看到或感觉到的东西。 Example: Our management has a general idea of what they want, but nothing concrete yet. 示例：我们的管理层对他们想要的东西有一个大致的了解，但还没有具体的想法。

"concrete mixer" (n) = a small machine for mixing small amounts of concrete, or a large mobile machine for mixing and carrying large amounts. “混凝土搅拌机”（n）=用于混合少量混凝土的小型机器，或用于混合和输送大量混凝土的大型移动机器。

"concrete noun" (n) = an object which you can see, smell, hear or touch. “具体名词”（和）=您可以看到，闻到，听到或触摸的物体。

CONTROL 管制 / 管 / 控制 / 控 / 治理

control (n), controls (pl): A lever, switch or other device used to operate a machine. 用于操作机器的操纵杆，开关或其他设备。 Examples: A modern aircraft has many controls. 示例：现代飞机具有许多控制装置。 Designing the best positions for controls on a machine is part of "ergonomic design". 在机器上设计最佳控制位置是“人体工程学设计”的一部分。

"control key" (abbreviation: Ctrl) = a key on a computer keyboard that you press to alter the behaviour of most other keys. “控制键”（缩写：Ctrl）=计算机键盘上的一个键，可以通过该键更改大多数其他键的行为。 Example: Many IBM-PC programs let you use the "Ctrl-S" combination (= press and hold down the control key and tap the S key) to save what is on the screen. 示例：许多IBM-PC程序都允许您使用“ Ctrl-S”组合键（=按住控制键并点击S键）来保存屏幕上的内容。

"remote control" (n) = an electronic appliance that allows you to control a machine from a distance. “远程控制”（n）=使您可以远距离控制机器的电子设备。 Example: We have a remote control for our TV, one for our DVD player and one for Foxtel - it's quite confusing! 示例：我们为电视配备了一个遥控器，为我们的DVD播放器提供了一个遥控器，为Foxtel提供了一个遥控器-这非常令人困惑！

control (n): In an experiment, an object or system that is deliberately left unchanged, for comparison with the other objects in the experiment that are allowed to change. 在实验中，故意保留不变的对象或系统，以与实验中允许更改的其他对象进行比较。 Example: All well-designed tests of a new medicine divide their subjects into two groups - one gets the drug and the other (the control group) gets a "placebo", which looks like the drug but has no effect. 示例：所有设计良好的新药测试均将其受试者分为两组-一组服用药物，另一组（对照组）服用“安慰剂”，看起来像药物但没有效果。

control (n): An act of controlling something or someone. The ability to control something or someone. 控制某物或某人的行为。 控制某物或某人的能力。 Examples: The virus was spreading so quickly, the Government thought it might lose control. 例子：病毒传播如此之快，政府认为它可能会失去控制。 The car went out of control on a bend, and hit another car head-on. 这辆车在转弯处失控，撞上另一辆车。 A special Army Health team took control of the hospital. 一支特殊的陆军卫生小组控制了医院。 The Police methods of crowd control involved tear gas and rubber bullets. 警察控制人群的方法涉及催泪瓦斯和橡皮子弹。 Sometimes it can be difficult to stay in control of your emotions. 有时很难控制自己的情绪。

"under control" = being dealt with or limited successfully. “控制之下” =被成功处理或限制。 Example: It took the Fire Brigade three hours to get the fire under control. 示例：消防队花了三个小时才控制住火势。

"out of control" = not being dealt with or limited successfully. “失控” =未得到成功处理或限制。 Example: The bushfire quickly spread, and was soon out of control. 示例：丛林大火迅速蔓延，很快就失控了。

control (v): To limit something's behaviour. To limit someone's actions. 限制某些行为。 限制某人的行为。 Examples: By severely limiting the movement of people, the Government managed to control the virus. 实例：通过严格限制人员流动，政府设法控制了该病毒。 The car driver braked heavily and managed to control the vehicle. 汽车驾驶员严重刹车并设法控制了车辆。 Some people find it difficult to control their temper. 有些人发现很难控制自己的脾气。 The speed of this engine is controlled by an RPM (=revolutions per minute) sensor. 该引擎的速度由RPM（=每分钟转数）传感器控制。 Laws controlling gun ownership are strict in Australia. 在澳大利亚，控制枪支所有权的法律很严格。 I/you/we/they/ control, he/she/it/ controls. /am/is/are/ controlling (note spelling, double-L). /all/ controlled (note spelling, double-L). /was/were/ controlling. /shall/will/ control. /shall/will/ be controlling.

control (v): To have the power to make decisions about someone or something. 有权对某人或某事做出决定。 Example: Alibaba.com controls about 13 percent of the global e-commerce market. 示例：阿里巴巴控制着约13％的全球电子商务市场。

control (v): To own the most shares in a company, or a particular number of shares. 拥有公司中最多的股份或特定数量的股份。 Example: The business founders control 51% of the shares in their company. 示例：企业创始人控制着公司51％的股份。

control (v): To limit the amount by which something is allowed to change. 限制允许更改的数量。 Example: Australia's number of skilled migrants is controlled through its immigration policy. 示例：澳大利亚的技术移民人数是通过其移民政策来控制的。

control (v): To deal with a situation successfully. 成功应对情况。 Examples: The Fire brigade took 3 hours to control the blaze. 示例：消防队花了3个小时来控制着火。 Army doctors arrived to control a virus outbreak in a hospital. 陆军医生到达医院以控制病毒爆发。

"in control" = controlling something, or being able to control something. “控制中” =控制某件事，或者能够控制某件事。 Example: When dealing with rioters, it’s important that the Police remain calm and in control. 范例：与暴动者打交道时，保持镇定和控制至关重要。

"budgetary control" = controlling the money coming in and going out of a household, business or government (called "a budget") to make sure that a goal is reached. This goal can be a "balanced budget" (when money out equals money in), a "surplus budget" (when less money goes out) or a "deficit budget" (when less money comes in). “预算控制” =控制进出家庭，企业或政府的资金（称为“预算”），以确保达到目标。 此目标可以是“预算平衡”（当钱等于钱时），“盈余预算”（当钱少时）或“赤字预算”（当钱少时）。 Example: Many Governments aim for surplus budgets, but this may mean that spending on disadvantaged citizens is reduced. 例子：许多政府的目标是盈余预算，但这可能意味着减少了对处境不利的公民的支出。

"cost control" = keeping the costs of running a business below a limit, so that profit is as high as possible. “成本控制” =将经营业务的成本保持在限制之下，以使利润尽可能高。 Example: in low-margin industries such as transport, cost control is extremely important. 例如：在运输等低利润行业中，成本控制极为重要。

"credit control" = restricting the supply of credit (= buying now and paying later) to the customers of a business, or the citizens of a country, so that people do not accumulate too much debt. “信贷控制” =限制向企业客户或一国公民提供信贷（即现在购买并以后付款），以使人们不会积累过多的债务。 Example: Governments can control the growth of credit by raising interest rates. This is called "Monetary Policy". 例子：政府可以通过提高利率来控制信贷的增长。 这称为“货币政策”。

"exchange controls" = restricting the amount of foreign currencies that can be bought or sold by a country's citizens. Generally done by only developing countries, or countries with weak economies, to prevent their local currency becoming too weak or too strong. “外汇管制” =限制一国公民可以买卖的外币数量。 通常仅由发展中国家或经济较弱的国家执行，以防止其本币变得太弱或太强。 Example: Australia has no exchange controls, but transfers of currencies in or out of Australia are reported to the Government if they exceed $A10,000. 示例：澳大利亚没有外汇管制，但如果进出澳大利亚的货币超过10,000澳元，则会向政府报告。

"import controls" = restricting the import of certain goods, or restricting the quantities that may be imported. “进口管制” =限制某些商品的进口，或限制可能进口的数量。 Example: Under Australia's import controls, some goods are "prohibited" (= no importing is possible, for example dangerous dog breeds). Other goods are "restricted" (= special permission is required to import them, for example narcotics). 示例：在澳大利亚的进口管制下，某些商品被“禁止”（=禁止进口，例如危险犬种）。 其他商品受到“限制”（=进口它们需要特殊许可，例如麻醉品）。

"quality control" = the action of testing goods produced by a business, or the materials used to make those goods, to make sure that they are of a good quality. “质量控制” =测试企业生产的商品或制造这些商品所用的材料以确保其质量良好的行为。 Example: Fred made a complete and utter mess of running the Quality Control Department. 示例：弗雷德（Fred）对质量控制部门的经营完全无知。

"stock control" (also called "inventory control") = the action of recording the movement of materials and finished goods in and out of a Stock Department (stockroom) in a business. “库存控制”（也称为“库存控制”）=记录业务中库存部门（仓库）进出物料和成品的移动的动作。 Example: Having a good system of stock control helps a company to re-order promptly when stock runs low. 示例：拥有良好的库存控制系统有助于公司在库存不足时迅速重新订购。

"control account" = in an accounting system, an account that summarises the values in other accounts. “控制帐户” =在会计系统中，是一个汇总其他帐户中的值的帐户。 Example: The Accounts Receivable control account shows what a business is owed by all of its customers. 示例：应收帐款控制帐户显示其所有客户所欠的业务。

"control freak" = a person with a mental disorder who tries to control the behaviour of other people. “控制怪胎” =试图控制他人行为的精神疾病患者。 Example: Betty's boss is a bit of a control freak, always checking on the work done by his staff. 例子：贝蒂的老板有点控制狂，总是检查员工的工作。

"arms control" = restricting the number and type of weapons that a country may own. “军备控制” =限制一个国家可能拥有的武器的数量和类型。 Example: The US and Russia signed an arms control treaty in 2010, halving the number of nuclear missiles each country may own. 示例：美国和俄罗斯在2010年签署了一项军备控制条约，使每个国家可能拥有的核导弹数量减半。

"birth control" = restricting the number of children born in a population. “生育控制” =限制人口中所生子女的数量。 Example: The most effective methods of birth control are vasectomy and tubal ligation. 示例：最有效的节育方法是输精管结扎术和输卵管结扎术。

"control tower" = a room at the top of a tower at an airport, from which aircraft movements around the airport, takeoffs and landings may be seen and controlled. “控制塔” =机场塔楼顶部的房间，从中可以看到和控制飞机在机场周围的移动，起飞和着陆。 Example: The airplane taxis under orders from the control tower until it reaches the takeoff runway. 根据控制塔的命令，飞机出租车直到它到达起飞跑道。

"damage control" = restricting the amount of physical damage caused by an accident or military action. “损害控制” =限制由事故或军事行动造成的物理损害。 Restricting the amount of damage to the reputation of some person, company or country caused by release of information. 限制因信息发布而对某些人，公司或国家的声誉造成的损害。 Examples: The warship's damage control teams acted quickly following an explosion and fire. 示例：军舰的伤害控制小组在爆炸和火灾后迅速采取了行动。 The Government is in damage control mode following the accidental release of private emails. 在意外释放私人电子邮件之后，政府处于损害控制模式。

COPY 份 / 摹 / 复制 / 复印 / 拷贝 / 仿 / 照搬

copy (n), copies (pl, note spelling): An object that has been made to be exactly like another object. 已被制成与另一个对象完全相同的对象。 Examples: Some machines are designed to produce many perfect copies of an original design. 示例：一些机器被设计为可以产生许多原始设计的完美副本。 All taxpayers should keep copies of their tax returns and documents for 7 years. 所有纳税人应将其纳税申报表和文件的副本保存7年。 Alice made 8 copies, using a photocopier, of information for her next presentation. 爱丽丝用影印机制作了8份信息，供下次演示时使用。 Illegal copies of software, music CDs, video DVDs and other consumer products are a world-wide problem. 软件，音乐CD，视频DVD和其他消费产品的非法拷贝是一个世界性的问题。

"carbon copy" = A method of making a simultaneous copy of something that is typed using a typewriter or impact printer. A special thin sheet of "carbon paper" produces an image of the original on a second sheet of paper. Superseded by inkjet and laser printing, which can make copies, but not simultaneously. The term is still used in emailing, where you can "CC" people to receive a "carbon copy" of your message electronically. “复本” =一种同时复制使用打字机或撞击式打印机打字的东西的方法。 特殊的“复写纸”薄片会在第二张纸上产生原稿图像。 被喷墨和激光打印取代，可以复制但不能同时复制。 该术语仍用在电子邮件中，您可以在其中“抄送”人员以电子方式接收邮件的“抄本”。 Example: Alice CCs other members of her team into all her emails. 示例：Alice CC将她团队中的其他成员收录到她所有的电子邮件中。

"top copy" = The original of a stack of documents made using carbon paper. “最上面的复印件” =用复写纸制成的一叠文件的原件。 Example: When using carbon paper was almost the only way to make copies, the top copy was the best. Each copy underneath it was less clear. 5 copies was about the maximum possible. 示例：使用复写纸几乎是唯一的复印方法时，最上面的复印纸是最好的。 下面的每个副本都不太清楚。 5份是最大的可能。

"certified copy" = A copy (usually of a document) that has been inspected and guaranteed correct by an authorised person such as a JP (= Justice of the Peace, a trained legal officer). “经核证的副本” =由JP等授权人员检查并保证正确的副本（通常是文件）（经太平绅士，训练有素的法务官）。 Example: John visited his local Police Station to ask a JP for a certified copy of an official form. 示例：约翰访问了他当地的警察局，要求太平绅士提供正式表格的认证副本。

copy (n): A single unit of printed, recorded or manufactured objects, of which many have been made. 副本（n）：单个单位的打印，记录或制造的对象，其中许多已经制成。 Examples: John used a 3D printer to make 120 copies of a plastic part. 示例：John使用3D打印机制作了120份塑料零件。 The author's new novel is a great hit, selling 3 million copies in the first month since publication. 作者的新小说大受欢迎，自出版以来的第一个月就售出300万册。 Our local library has copies of most Australian and English cooking and gardening magazines. 我们当地的图书馆藏有大多数澳大利亚和英国的烹饪和园艺杂志。 We have a copy of the musician's latest CD on order. 我们已订购了音乐家最新CD的副本。

"back copy" = A copy of a magazine that is not the latest issue. “后副本” =不是最新发行的杂志的副本。 Example: Some publishers can sell you back copies of magazines as old as 20 years. 示例：某些出版商可以向您出售长达20年的杂志副本。

copy (n): Handwritten text that is to be printed. Text that will be used for advertising. 要打印的手写文本。 用于广告的文字。 Examples: Our local newspaper has 4 reporting staff that produce very good copy. 示例：我们当地的报纸有4名记者制作了很好的副本。 The Sales Department asked Betty to help them write copy to advertise their next product. 销售部门要求Betty帮助他们写副本以宣传他们的下一个产品。

"copy editor" = An employee in a newspaper or a business who is responsible for "editing" copy, to correct grammar and make sure that the ethics of the business are obeyed. “副本编辑器” =报纸或企业中负责“编辑”副本的员工，以纠正语法并确保遵守企业道德规范。 Example: Our local newspaper employed a new copy editor a month ago. 示例：一个月前，我们当地的报纸雇用了一位新的编辑。

"copy protection" = A way to prevent people illegally making a copy of something, such as computer software. “复制保护” =一种防止人们非法复制某些东西（例如计算机软件）的方法。 Example: An encryption "dongle" is an effective method of copy protection. The dongle has to be plugged into a computer for the software to be accessible. 示例：加密“加密狗”是一种有效的复制保护方法。 加密狗必须插入计算机才能访问该软件。

copy (v): To produce an object that is exactly like another object. 产生与另一个对象完全相同的对象。 Examples: Alice makes sure she copies her Tax Returns and files them away. 示例：爱丽丝（Alice）确保自己复制了纳税申报单并将其归档。 John copied operating instructions for some products from a computer to a CD. John将某些产品的操作说明从计算机复制到CD。 Copying another person's published work is illegal, called a "breach of copyright". 复制他人出版的作品是非法的，被称为“侵犯版权”。 Universities have a continuing problem with students cheating by copying from other students. 大学在通过抄袭其他学生作弊的过程中一直存在问题。 I/you/we/they/ copy, he/she/it/ copies (note spelling, -IES). /am/is/are/ copying. /all/ copied (note spelling,-IED). /was/were/ copying. /shall/will/ copy. /shall/will/ be copying.

copy (v): To dress or speak or behave exactly the same as someone else. This gives rise to the English saying: "Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery". 穿衣，说话或行为与他人完全相同 这引起了英语谚语：“模仿是最真诚的奉承形式”。 Example: The comedian copies the behaviour of many politicians so well, he makes everyone laugh. 示例：喜剧演员如此出色地模仿了许多政治人物的举止，他让每个人都笑了。

copy (v): To make a copy of a document. 复制文件。 Example: Alice copied information for her next presentation, 8 times. 示例：爱丽丝为下一次演示复制了8次信息。

copy (v): To make a copy of a computer file. 制作计算机文件的副本。 Example: John copied operating instructions for some products from a computer to a CD. 示例：John将某些产品的操作说明从计算机复制到CD。

"hard copy" = A printed version of a computer file. “硬拷贝” =计算机文件的印刷版本。 Example: The computer printed a hard copy of an address label, for sticking onto the package to be sent. 示例：计算机打印了地址标签的硬拷贝，用于粘贴在要发送的包装上。

"backup copy" = A copy of information, usually on a computer, for protection in case the computer becomes faulty and the information is lost. “备份副本” =通常在计算机上的信息副本，用于在计算机出现故障且信息丢失时提供保护。 Example: If you have important information stored on a computer, making backup copies is good insurance. 示例：如果您将重要信息存储在计算机上，则制作备份副本是一项很好的保证。

"copy something down" / "copy something out" = To make a typed or written copy of something. “复制下来的东西” /“复制出来的东西” =制作东西的打字或书面副本。 Example: The policeman carefully copied down details from the motorist's Driving Licence. 示例：警察仔细抄写了驾驶员驾驶执照中的详细信息。

"copy and paste" = To move part of a document on the screen of a computer, to another part of the document, or to another document. “复制并粘贴” =将文档的一部分在计算机屏幕上移动到文档的另一部分或另一文档上。 Example: The computer researcher Lawrence Tesler invented the "copy and paste" command while working at Xerox in the 1970s. 示例：计算机研究人员Lawrence Tesler在1970年代在Xerox工作时发明了“复制和粘贴”命令。

"copy something to someone" = with every email you send out, you copy to another person or another group of people. “复制某人” =您发送的每封电子邮件都将您复制到另一个人或另一组人。 Example: Alice copies all her emails to other members of her team. 示例：爱丽丝将她所有的电子邮件复制到团队的其他成员。

COUNT 数 / 伯爵 / 计算 / 计数 / 数 / 算

count (n), counts (pl): The number of objects or people in a group. 一组中的对象或人数。 Example: A count of John's workshop shelves showed that he had just enough parts in stock for his next project. 示例：John的车间货架数量表明，他的库存足够用于下一个项目。

"head count" = the number of people in a group. “人数” =一组人数。 Example: A head count showed that there were 16 people at the meeting. 示例：人数统计显示会议上有16个人。

count (n): An act of counting. 数数的行为。 Examples: Teachers did a careful count of the students in each class. 示例：教师在每个班级中对学生进行了仔细的统计。 A quick count showed that about 21 houses had been damaged in the fire. 快速计数显示，大约21所房屋在大火中被损坏。 At the last count (= at the time when we last counted them) we had 12 sets of parts in stock. 在最后一次计数时（=我们上次计数时的时间），我们有12套零件库存。

"to keep count" = to record how many of something there are, or how many times something has happened. “保持计数” =记录有多少东西或发生了多少次。 Example: We had so many enquiries for copies of the new book, it was hard to keep count. 例子：我们有太多关于新书副本的查询，很难计数。

"to lose count" = to not be able to remember how many times something has happened. “失去计数” =无法记住某件事发生了多少次。 Example: We had so many enquiries for copies of the new book, I lost count. 例子：我们有太多关于新书副本的查询，我记不清了。

count (n): The act of counting the votes in an election. 选举中计票的行为。 Examples: Excluding postal votes, the count shows the favourite candidate is in the lead by 4%. 示例：不包括邮政投票，该计数显示，最喜欢的候选人以4％的优势处于领先地位。 The losing candidate lost by just 0.2% of the vote, and has asked for another count (called a "re-count). 失败的候选人仅以0.2％的选票输了，并要求另外计票（称为“重新计票”）。

count (n): A scientifically measured quantity. 科学计量的数量。 Example: Some men have difficulty fathering offspring because of a low sperm count. 例子：有些男人由于精子数量少而很难育出后代。

"on the count of ..." = when a particular number is reached. “……计数” =达到特定数字时。 Example: On the count of three, everybody lift! 例子：三个人，每个人都举起来！

"countdown" = a count backwards, usually to zero, at which time something is expected to happen. “倒数” =向后计数，通常为零，这时预计会发生某些事情。 Example: The countdown for the rocket launch started at 12 hours 0 minutes and 0 seconds. 示例：火箭发射的倒数计时从12小时0分0秒开始。

count (n): A social rank. A title for European men, equivalent to an English earl. The female equivalent is "countess". 社会等级。 欧洲男人的头衔，相当于英国伯爵。 女性相当于“伯爵夫人”。 Example: The Count and Countess of Saxony opened the new exhibition centre in Munich. 示例：萨克森伯爵夫人和伯爵夫人在慕尼黑开设了新的展览中心。

count (n): A criminal charge. 刑事指控。 Example: The Australian woman nicknamed the "Black Widow" is being tried on another count of murder. 示例：一个绰号为“黑寡妇”的澳大利亚女子正因另一项谋杀罪而受到审判。

count (n): An opinion, part of an argument. 意见，是论点的一部分。 Example: The lawyers disagreed with each other on several counts. 例子：律师在几个方面互相不同意。

"to be out for the count" = to be unconscious or incapable for a certain time. “无足轻重” =在一段时间内失去知觉或无能为力。 Example: The boxer was hit so hard, she was out for the count. 例子：拳击手受了如此重的打击，她被要求计数。

count (v): To calculate the number of objects or people in a group. 计算一组中的对象或人数。 Examples: At school assembly, teachers count the students in each class. 在学校集会上，老师会计算每个班级的学生人数。 If you buy something using cash, make sure you count any change. 如果您使用现金购买东西，请确保您算上任何零钱。 We shall have 8 guests at the birthday party, not counting ourselves. 生日聚会上我们将有8位客人，不包括我们自己在内。 I/you/we/they/ count, he/she/it/ counts. /am/is/are/ counting. /all/ counted. /was/were/ counting. /shall/will/ count. /shall/will/ be counting.

"to count heads" = to count the number of people in a place. “数人” =计算一个地方的人数。 Example: Counting heads, Alice saw that there were 16 people at the meeting. “数人” =计算一个地方的人数。

count (v): To say numbers one after the other in order. 说一个接一个的顺序。 Examples: The kindergarten class practiced counting out loud (= saying each number) from 1 to 20. 示例：幼儿园班练习从1到20数出（=说出每个数字）。 As children, when we played hide-and-seek we used to count to 100 before starting to search. 小时候，我们玩捉迷藏游戏时通常会先计数到100，然后再开始搜索。 Can you count backwards from 89 to 60? 您可以从89倒数到60吗？

count (v): To have some importance. 有一些重要性。 Examples: Everyone's opinion counts, so be sure to vote! 示例：每个人的意见都很重要，所以一定要投票！ Being happy counts more than being rich, although having money certainly helps! 尽管拥有金钱肯定会有所帮助，但幸福比拥有财富更重要！

count (v): To be considered. 有待考虑。 Examples: Frank counts himself lucky to have had free education at University. 例子：弗兰克（Frank）认为自己很幸运能够在大学接受免费教育。 Sandra counts Alice as a good friend. 桑德拉（Sandra）认为爱丽丝（Alice）是好朋友。 The accountant caught cooking the books apologised to her employer, but the apology was not sincere and really didn't count. 会计师抓到向老板道歉的书，但道歉并不诚恳，真的不算什么。 In footy, if the ball doesn't pass between the goalposts it doesn't count. 如果脚在球门柱之间不通过，则不计算在内。

"to count your blessings" = to be thankful for the good things that you have. “算上您的祝福” =感谢您拥有的美好事物。 Example: Frank and Muriel count their blessings - two children and two grand-children, a comfortable home and a loving relationship. 示例：弗兰克（Frank）和穆里尔（Muriel）数了数他们的祝福-两个孩子和两个孙子，一个舒适的家和一段亲密的关系。

"to count the cost" = to work out how expensive something is, or will be, economically or politically or morally. “计算成本” =算出某种东西在经济上，政治上或道义上的昂贵程度或将要产生的昂贵程度。 Example: The politician is counting the cost of her recent racial comments about immigrants. 例子：政客正在计算她最近关于移民的种族评论的成本。 Some countries are counting the cost of acting too slowly during the pandemic. 一些国家正在计算在大流行期间行动太慢的代价。

"can count on the fingers of one hand" = a count that is very low (literally, 5 or less). “可以依靠一只手的手指计数” =计数非常低（字面意义上为5或更少）。 Example: You can count the number of competent politicians in our state government on the fingers of one hand! 示例：您可以用一只手指望州政府中合格的政治人物的数量！

"to count (somebody) in" = to include somebody in a group. “计入（某人）” =将某人包括在组中。 Example: "Did you say you are going skiing this weekend? Count me in!" 例子：“你是说你这个周末要去滑雪吗？算我一个！”

"to count (somebody) out" = to exclude somebody. “排除（某人）” =排除某人。 Example: "Did you say you are going to a pop music concert tomorrow? Count me out!" 例如：“您是不是说明天要去参加一场流行音乐音乐会？算我！”

"to count on (somebody or something)" = the same as "To bank on something / someone" = To be sure of something happening or someone doing something. “依靠（某人或某物）” =与“依靠某物/某物”相同=确定某事正在发生或某人在做某事。 Example: Yan knows she can count on John to look after her. 例子：艳知道她可以依靠约翰照顾她。

"to count your chickens before they're hatched" = To assume that something good will happen. “在孵化前先对鸡进行计数” =假设会发生好事。 Example: It looks like we will have a good crop of apples this summer, but I won't count our chickens before they're hatched. 例子：看起来今年夏天我们将有很多苹果，但是在孵化之前我不会数鸡。

"to count towards" = To be included in something, to affect a result. “计入” =包含在某事物中，以影响结果。 Example: Students' marks in end-of-term exams count towards their end-of-year result. 示例：期末考试中的学生成绩将计入其年终成绩。

"to count against" = To have a bad effect on something. “反对” =对某事有不良影响。 Example: The girl's lack of work experience will count against her when she starts looking for work. 例子：女孩缺乏工作经验会在她开始找工作时受到影响。

COVER 盖 / 罩 / 罩 / 覆盖 / 掩盖

cover (n), covers (pl): Something that is put over an object, to protect it or to keep something inside it. 放在物体上的东西，用于保护它或在其中保留一些东西。 Examples: John's 3D printer stays under a protective plastic cover when it is not being used. 示例：不使用John的3D打印机时，它会留在塑料保护盖下。 To cook this pasta meal, remove the packaging, make a small hole in the plastic cover, and put in the microwave for 4 minutes. 要煮意大利面，请去掉包装，在塑料盖上开一个小孔，然后放入微波炉4分钟。

cover (n): The outside part of a book or magazine, usually made of thick paper or cardboard. 书或杂志的外部，通常由厚纸或硬纸板制成。 Examples: You can buy this book with a hard or a soft cover (called "hardcover" and "paperback"). 示例：您可以购买带有硬皮或软皮封面的本书（称为“精装本”和“平装本”）。 This home living magazine always has beautiful pictures on its cover. 这本家庭生活杂志的封面上总是有漂亮的图画。

"to read something from cover to cover" = to read a book, magazine, etc. right through, from the beginning to the end. “从头到尾读一些东西” =从头到尾一直读一本书，杂志等。 Example: John receives monthly a favourite electronic design magazine, which he reads from cover to cover. 示例：John每月收到一本最喜欢的电子设计杂志，他从头到尾阅读。

"to send something under separate cover" = to send something in a separate package. “在单独的掩护下寄东西” =在单独的包裹中寄东西。 Example: We shall mail you the software today, the hardware will be sent under separate cover. 示例：我们将在今天将您的软件邮寄给您，硬件将单独寄出。

covers (n, plural only): The sheets, quilt and other coverings on a bed. 床上的床单，被子和其他被褥。 Example: Alice woke with a smile, threw back the covers and bounced out of bed. 例子：爱丽丝微笑着醒来，扔掉被子，然后跳下床。

cover (n): Protection in an unpleasant or dangerous situation. 在不愉快或危险的情况下提供保护。 Example: Caught in a thunderstorm while walking, Frank took cover in the front porch of a house. 示例：弗兰克（Frank）走路时被雷阵雨困住，掩盖了房屋的前门廊。

cover (n): Plants, especially bushes, that are used as shelter by animals. 被动物用作庇护所的植物，尤其是灌木丛。 Example: As the hunters approached, the deer suddenly broke cover. 例子：随着猎人的到来，鹿突然掩盖了。

cover (n): Protection by someone with weapons. 有武器的人的保护。 Example: The Army provided cover while civilians ran from the battle. 示例：当平民逃离战斗时，军队提供掩护。

cover(n): Financial insurance. 金融保险。 Example: John's business has Public Liability Cover and Fire, Storm and Flood Cover. 示例：John的业务具有公共责任险和火灾，风暴和洪水险。

"cover charge" = an amount that is added to your bill for service or entertainment, in a restaurant or nightclub. “附加费” =加上您在餐厅或夜总会中用于服务或娱乐的账单中的金额。 Example: This is a great restaurant, but its cover charge is a bit steep at 15%. 示例：这是一家很棒的餐厅，但是其附加费有点贵，为15％。

"cover girl" = an attractive or famous woman whose photograph appears on a magazine cover. “封面女郎” =有吸引力或著名的女人，其照片出现在杂志的封面上。 Example: Nicole Kidman will be the cover girl on the next edition of this fashion magazine. 示例：妮可·基德曼（Nicole Kidman）将担任下一期时尚杂志的封面女郎。

"cover-up" = an effort to hide something, especially from the public. “掩盖” =一种隐藏的东西，尤其是对公众隐藏的东西。 Example: The Government is telling us very little about what's happening to these refugees - we think it's a cover-up. 例子：政府对这些难民所发生的事情几乎没有告诉我们-我们认为这是掩盖。

"air cover" = protection of an army or other group of people using armed aircraft. “空中掩护” =保护使用武装飞机的军队或其他人群。 Example: The invasion of Iraq was carried out with heavy air cover. 例子：对伊拉克的入侵是用厚重的空中掩护进行的。

"cover story" = a story in a newspaper or magazine that is related to photos on the cover. “封面故事” =报纸或杂志上与封面照片有关的故事。 Example: For weeks now, this newspaper's cover stories have been about the pandemic. 示例：数周以来，本报的封面故事一直是关于大流行的。

"cover story" = a false story intended to mislead people. “掩盖故事” =旨在误导人们的虚假故事。 Example: The spy's cover story was that he was an investment banker seeking opportunities in vaccine research. 示例：间谍的掩盖故事是，他是一位投资银行家，正在寻求疫苗研究的机会。

cover (v): To put or spread something over something else. 把东西放或散布在别的东西上。 Examples: We covered the fresh concrete for protection against frost at night. 示例：我们覆盖了新鲜的混凝土，以防夜间结霜。 Police covered the body with a blanket. 警察用毯子盖住了尸体。 The walls of his bedroom were covered with posters of pop musicians. 他卧室的墙壁上布满流行音乐家的海报。 Frank tried to cover his poor painting with more paint. 弗兰克试图用更多的油漆掩盖他那可怜的画。 I/you/we/they/ cover, he/she/it/ covers. /am/is/are/ covering. /all/ covered. /was/were/ covering. /shall/will/ cover. /shall/will/ be covering.

cover (v): To lie on the surface of something. 躺在某物的表面上。 Examples: During the storm, hail covered the ground like snow. 示例：在暴风雨中，冰雹像雪一样覆盖地面。 Most of Australia is covered by desert or poor, old soils. 澳大利亚大部分地区被沙漠或贫瘠的旧土壤覆盖。

"cloud cover" = the amount of cloud above a place. “云量” =某个地方上方的云量。 Example: Because there is no cloud cover, tonight should be cold. 示例：因为没有云层，所以今晚应该很冷。

cover (v): To provide financial insurance. 提供金融保险。 Example: When travelling overseas, make sure that you are covered for theft, delays and medical emergencies. 示例：出国旅行时，请确保您在被盗，延误和医疗紧急情况中得到保障。

cover (v): To travel a certain distance. 行驶一定距离。 Example: We covered 380 km in three hours. 示例：我们在三个小时内覆盖了380公里。

"to cover a lot of ground" = to travel a great distance. “要覆盖很多地面” =行驶很远的距离。 Example: Although the explorer was travelling on foot, she could cover a lot of ground in a day. 示例：尽管探险家徒步旅行，但一天之内她可以覆盖很多地面。

"to cover a lot of ground" = to give information with many facts, or about a great period of time. “覆盖很多领域” =提供具有许多事实或相当长一段时间的信息。 Example: The lecture on chemistry covered a lot of ground, from the invention of the Periodic Table to modern times. 示例：从元素周期表的发明到现代，有关化学的讲座涉及很多领域。

cover (v): To be of a certain size. 达到一定的大小。 Example: The Great Sandy Desert, in WA, covers 280,000 square kilometres. 示例：西澳大利亚州的大沙沙漠面积达280,000平方公里。

cover (v): To provide information about something. 提供有关某事的信息。 Examples: Please take an information booklet - it covers what I've just told you, but in more detail. 示例：请阅读一本信息手册-它涵盖了我刚刚告诉您的内容，但更详细。 Have I covered all your questions? 我已经解决了您所有的问题吗？

cover (v): To report on some event for the media. 为媒体报道某件事。 Example: Two reporters covered the opening of a new hospital in our suburb, for our local newspaper. 示例：两位记者报道了我们郊区为当地报纸开设的新医院。

cover (v): To be enough money to pay for something. 要有足够的钱来付钱。 Examples: John has to make sure that the selling price for his products covers the cost of development and production, and makes a profit too. 例子：约翰必须确保他的产品的销售价格能涵盖开发和生产的成本，并且也能赚钱。 Here's $ 40 to cover your taxi fare. 这是40美元的出租车费。

cover (v): To protect somebody, using weapons. 为了保护某人，使用武器。 Example: The Army covered civilians as they ran from the battle. 示例：军队掩盖了逃离战斗的平民。

cover (v): To watch an exit to stop people escaping. To watch an entrance to stop people entering. 观看出口以阻止人们逃逸。 观看入口以阻止人们进入。 Example: Police covered all the exits from the footy ground, so that rioters could be caught and arrested. 示例：警察遮盖了脚步地面上的所有出口，以便可以逮捕和逮捕暴动者。

cover (v): In football, to stay close to a person in the opposing team (also called "marking" them) to stop them from receiving the ball. 在足球比赛中，要与对方球队中的一个人保持近距离（也称为“标记”），以阻止他们接球。 Example: The defender covered the attacker so well, she barely touched the ball. 例子：防守者很好地掩盖了进攻者，她几乎没有碰到球。

cover (v): To provide a service to a certain part of a city or country. 为城市或国家的某个部分提供服务。 Example: This vehicle towing service covers all of East Melbourne. 示例：该车辆牵引服务涵盖整个东墨尔本。

cover (v): To do someone else's job when they are unable to do it. 当别人做不到的事情时去做。 Examples: The receptionist said to her boss, "I have to urgently phone my Mum. Can you cover for me for 10 minutes, please?" 示例：接待员对老板说：“我必须紧急打电话给妈妈。请给我掩护10分钟吗？” Sandra covers the phones while Alice is at lunch, and vice versa. 桑德拉（Sandra）在爱丽丝（Alice）午餐时给手机打电话，反之亦然。

"to cover your tracks" = to hide or destroy things that show where you have been or what you have done. “掩盖自己的足迹” =隐藏或销毁表明您去过的地方或所做的事情的事物。 Example: A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is very useful for covering your tracks whenever you use the Internet. 示例：虚拟专用网络（VPN）在您每次使用Internet覆盖轨道时非常有用。

"to cover your backside"= to protect yourself from blame in the future. “掩盖您的背面” =防止将来受到指责。 Example: While Alice is away at a conference, she keeps receipts for meals and other expenses to cover her backside. 示例：当爱丽丝不在会议上时，她会保留餐费和其他费用的收据以掩盖她的后背。

"to cover yourself" = same as "to cover your backside". “遮盖自己” =与“遮盖背面”相同。

"to cover yourself" = literally to put liquid or clothing on yourself. “遮盖自己” =字面上是将液体或衣物戴在自己身上。 Example: At the beach, Muriel covered herself with suntan lotion. 示例：在海滩上，穆里尔（Muriel）用防晒霜覆盖自己。

"to cover all the bases" = same as "to get your ducks in a row" = to be well organised for something that may happen. “掩盖所有基础” =与“连续堆鸭子”相同= =为可能发生的事情组织得井井有条。 Example: Alice made sure she had covered all the bases before starting her critical project. 示例：爱丽丝确保在开始她的关键项目之前，她已经涵盖了所有基础。

"to cover something up" = to put a cover over something. “掩盖某物” =掩盖某物。 Example: Frank covered up his lawnmower before putting it in the shed. 例子：弗兰克把他的割草机盖好后才放到棚子里。

"to cover something up" = to hide or destroy evidence of some act. “掩盖某事” =隐藏或销毁某些行为的证据。 Example: The politician tried to cover up giving Government money to a group of which she was a member. 示例：政客试图掩盖她向其所属的一个团体提供政府资助的隐瞒。

CRACK 裂纹 / 裂缝 / 裂 / 裂痕 / 隙

crack (n), cracks (pl): A narrow space between parts of some object. 某些物体各部分之间的狭窄空间。 Examples: As the drought continued, cracks appeared in the floor of the empty dam. 示例：随着干旱的继续，空坝的底部出现裂缝。 There is an annoying crack in the concrete driveway at Frank and Muriel's house. 弗兰克和穆里尔家的混凝土车道上有一条令人讨厌的裂缝。

"just a crack" = with just a narrow space. “只是一个裂缝” =仅有狭窄的空间。 Example: Muriel left the door open just a crack, for a bit of fresh air. 例：穆里尔（Muriel）的门开了一个缝，只有一点新鲜空气。

"to fall through the cracks" = to be overlooked by some system. “跌破裂缝” =被某些系统所忽视。 Example: Many homeless people fall through the cracks in our housing program, and have to sleep on the street. 例子：许多无家可归的人陷入我们住房计划的缝隙，不得不在街上睡觉。

"cracks begin to show" = literally, actual cracks appear in something. But this also means that some agreement is starting to break apart. “裂缝开始显示” =从字面上看，实际裂缝出现在某些物体中。 但这也意味着某些协议开始破裂。 Example: As the drought continued, cracks began to show in the co-operation between urban and rural communities. 示例：随着干旱的继续，城乡社区之间的合作开始出现裂痕。

crack (n): A short, loud noise. 短暂而响亮的声音。 Example: The crack of a branch startled the walkers. 例子：树枝的裂缝使步行者大吃一惊。

crack (n): An attempt to do something. 尝试做某事。 Examples: This is David's first crack at beating the record for the 800m race. 示例：这是David打破800m比赛纪录的第一个突破。 Alice said "I haven't tried this before, but I'll have a crack at it". 爱丽丝说：“我以前没有尝试过，但是我会解决的。”

crack (n): A form of the drug cocaine. 可卡因的一种形式。 Example: The traveller was jailed for trying to smuggle 8 kilos of crack into Australia. 示例：该旅行者因试图向澳大利亚走私8公斤裂缝而被判入狱。

"a crack addict" = someone who is addicted to the drug crack. “极度上瘾的瘾君子” =对药物极度上瘾的人。 Example: The number of crack addicts in Melbourne has ballooned in the last 10 years. 示例：过去10年中，墨尔本的瘾君子激增。

"at the crack of dawn" = at the moment when dawn breaks. “黎明破晓” =黎明破晓之时。 Example: In Winter, many workers have to wake up at the crack of dawn to get to work on time. 示例：在冬天，许多工人必须在黎明时醒来才能准时上班。

crack (v): To break something without it completely separating into bits. 打破某些东西而不将其完全分解成碎片。 Examples: An X-ray of the girl's hand showed that she had cracked a bone in her finger. 例子：女孩手的X光片显示她的手指骨折了。 Sandra bit on a piece of bone and cracked one of her teeth. 桑德拉咬了一块骨头，咬断了一颗牙齿。 A stone hit the car's windscreen and cracked it into a thousand pieces. 一块石头砸在汽车的挡风玻璃上，把它裂成一千块。 I/you/we/they/ crack, he/she/it/ cracks. /am/is/are/ cracking. /all/ cracked. /was/were/ cracking. /shall/will/ crack. /shall/will/ be cracking.

crack (v): To be broken without completely separating into bits. 被打破而没有完全分离成碎片。 Examples: An X-ray of the girl's hand showed that a bone in her finger had cracked. 例子：女孩的手的X光片显示手指的骨头破裂了。 Sandra bit on a piece of bone and one of her teeth cracked. 桑德拉咬了一块骨头，她的一颗牙齿裂了。 A stone hit the car's windscreen, which cracked into a thousand pieces. 一块石头砸在汽车的挡风玻璃上，破裂成一千块。

"to crack up" = to become mentally or physically weak. “打击” =在精神上或身体上变得虚弱。 Example: Betty is worried that overwork might cause her to crack up. 例子：贝蒂担心劳累过度会导致她筋疲力尽。

"to crack" = to admit that you are defeated. “破解” =承认你被击败了。 Example: Although the alleged robber was questioned for hours by the Police, he never cracked and gave them any information. 范例：尽管警方对警察指控了强盗几个小时，但他从未破解并向他们提供任何信息。

crack (v): To break something open. 打破一些东西。 Examples: Once a piggy-bank is full, you crack it and count how much you have saved. 示例：存钱罐装满后，请对其进行破解并计算已存入的金额。 Crack two eggs into a bowl and whisk them vigorously. 将两个鸡蛋打碎入碗中，并大力搅拌。 A criminal who is expert at cracking safes is called a "safe-cracker". 擅长破解保险箱的罪犯被称为“保险箱”。

crack (v): To find an answer to a problem. 寻找问题的答案。 Examples: It took Frank two days to crack the weekend crossword puzzle. 示例：弗兰克花了两天时间来破解周末填字游戏。 Alice was determined to crack the problem that was causing her program to fail. 爱丽丝决心解决导致她的程序失败的问题。

crack (v): To hit something or someone. 打某人或某人。 Examples: Muriel fell over and cracked her head on the garden path. 示例：Muriel跌倒，在花园小径上摔了个头。 The robbers cracked the security guard over the head with a baseball bat. 强盗用棒球棍砸破了保安人员的头部。

crack (v): To make a short, loud noise. 发出短暂而响亮的声音。 Example: The jackaroo (= an Australian cowboy) cracked his whip over the cattle's heads. 例子：野狼（=澳大利亚牛仔）用鞭子在牛的头上打了鞭子。

crack (v): To break down heavy hydrocarbons to lighter ones. 将重质碳氢化合物分解为轻质碳氢化合物。 Example: This cracking plant produces diesel fuel from crude oil. 示例：该裂解厂使用原油生产柴油。

"to crack the whip" = literally, to crack a whip, but this also means to force your staff to work harder. “打起鞭子” =从字面上讲，打起鞭子，但这也意味着迫使您的员工更加努力地工作。 Example: Betty's boss likes to crack the whip in his department. 例子：贝蒂的老板喜欢在他的部门里敲打鞭子。

"to get cracking" = to start a task. “开始破解” =开始任务。 Example: Frank said "I've got quite a bit of concrete to lay today, so I'd better get cracking". 示例：弗兰克说：“我今天要铺设很多混凝土，所以最好开裂”。

"to crack on" = to vigorously continue a task. “坚持下去” =积极地继续一项任务。 Example: After lunch Frank said "I've still got 3 metres of concrete to lay, so I'll crack on." 示例：午餐后，弗兰克说：“我还有3米的混凝土可以铺设，所以我继续前进。”

"to crack down" = to act with more force, to stop or reduce some behaviour. “镇压” =采取更大的行动，制止或减少某些行为。 Example: The Police recently cracked down on people using their mobile phones while driving. 示例：警察最近严厉打击了开车时使用手机的人。

"to crack with emotion" = when the sound of someone's voice changes because they are upset. “以情感告终” =当某人的声音因为不高兴而改变时。 Example: The mother who flew from China to be with her dying son was interviewed on TV, her voice cracking with emotion. 例子：一个从中国飞来和即将死去的儿子在一起的母亲在电视上接受了采访，她的声音充满了情感。

"to crack a joke" = to make a joke or humorous comment. “开个玩笑” =开个玩笑或幽默的评论。 Example: This Manager is always cracking jokes, and they can be a bit rude. 示例：该经理总是在开玩笑，它们可能有点不礼貌。

"to crack someone up" = to make someone laugh a lot. “使某人崩溃” =使某人大笑。 Example: The comedian was so good, his act cracked the audience up. 例子：喜剧演员太好了，他的举动使观众震惊。

crack (adj): Of the very best quality. 最好的质量。 Examples: The SAS is a crack regiment of the British Army. 示例：SAS是英军的精锐团。 I know a watchmaker who is a crack craftsman. 一位钟表匠，是一位高超的手工艺人。

CRASH 意外 / 摔伤 / 轰隆声 / 祸 / 紧急

crash (n), crashes (pl): A sudden sharp noise made when an object breaks or falls. 当物体破裂或跌落时突然发出尖锐的声音。 Example: In the middle of the night, Frank heard a crash from the back yard. 示例：在半夜里，弗兰克听到从后院撞车的声音。

crash (n): An accident involving one or more vehicles, in which usually someone is hurt and/or there is damage. 涉及一辆或多辆车辆的事故，通常其中有人受伤和/或损坏。 Examples: The Eastern Freeway had a huge traffic jam following a three-car crash. 示例：在发生三车祸后，东部高速公路发生了严重的交通阻塞。 Many single-vehicle crashes occur on narrow country roads. 许多单车事故发生在狭窄的乡间道路上。 A pedestrian walked onto a road without looking, and caused a two-car crash. 一名行人不经观察就走在路上，造成两车相撞。

crash (n): A computer breakdown. 计算机故障。 Example: John had too many programs running at the same time on his computer, and this caused a crash. 示例：John在他的计算机上同时运行太多程序，这导致崩溃。

crash (n): A sudden large fall in the value of something. 某物的价值突然大跌。 Example: Stock Market crashes occur when shareholders panic and sell. 示例：当股东恐慌和抛售时，股票市场崩溃。

crash (v): To hit something, making a loud noise. 打东西，发出很大的声音。 Example: During the storm, waves crashed over the sea wall. 示例：在暴风雨中，海浪冲撞了海堤。 I/you/we/they/ crash, he/she/it/ crashes (note spelling, -ES). /am/is/are/ crashing. /all/ crashed. /was/were/ crashing. /shall/will/ crash. /shall/will/ be crashing.

crash (v): To hit something, damaging it. 打东西，破坏它。 Example: During the storm, a tree crashed through Frank's neighbour's roof. 在暴风雨中，一棵树从弗兰克的邻居的屋顶掉下来。

crash (v): For a computer, to stop working. 对于计算机，请停止工作。 Example: John had too many programs running at the same time on his computer, and it crashed. 示例：John在他的计算机上同时运行太多程序，并且崩溃了。

crash (v): For a vehicle, to be involved in an accident, which is usually serious. For a person, to cause a vehicle to crash. 对于车辆而言，通常是很严重的事故。 对于一个人来说，会导致车辆撞车。 Examples: The plane crashed just after takeoff. 示例：飞机起飞后即坠毁。 The drunk driver lost control of her car and crashed into a wall. 醉酒的司机失去了对自己汽车的控制权，撞上了墙。

crash (v): When a business's value suddenly drops. 当企业的价值突然下降时。 Example: The last time the Australian Stock Market crashed was in 1987. 示例：上一次澳大利亚股市崩盘是在1987年。

crash (v) [SL]: To sleep in a place where you hadn't planned to sleep, because you are tired or unable to travel home. Also called "crash out". 在您本来不打算睡觉的地方睡觉，因为您很累或无法回家。 也称为“崩溃”。 Example: Ernie had drunk so much alcohol at Bert's party, he crashed on Bert's sofa that night. 示例：Ernie在Bert的聚会上喝了那么多酒，那天晚上他撞倒在Bert的沙发上。

crash (v): To go into a place without being invited. [SL: "to gatecrash"]. 不被邀请进入一个地方 [SL：“为了崩溃”]。 Example: Police were called after 20 people tried to crash a birthday party at a City apartment. 示例：20个人试图在城市公寓的一次生日聚会上坠毁后，警察被召唤。

"crash and burn" = to fail very suddenly and completely. “崩溃和燃烧” =突然完全失败。 Example: High-technology companies often crash and burn because they expand too quickly. 示例：高科技公司经常因扩张太快而崩溃和烧毁。

"crash through" = To break through some obstacle, using force. “冲撞” =用力突破某些障碍。 Example: The car skidded off the road and crashed through the window of a shop. 示例：汽车从道路上滑落，撞到了商店的橱窗。

"crash through" = To overcome an obstacle, through working hard but not using force. “崩溃” =通过努力而不是用武力克服障碍。 Example: Yesterday the local Stock Market Index crashed through 6000. 示例：昨天本地股市指数暴跌至6000。

crash (adj): Quick, with a lot of hard work. 快速，需要很多努力。 Example: Staff at the nursing home were given a crash course in infection control. 示例：疗养院的工作人员接受了感染控制速成课程。

CURE 治愈 / 治疗 / 药 / 医治 / 纠正

cure (n), cures (pl): An action that makes somebody who is sick, well again. 使某人生病的行为又恢复健康的行为。 Examples: A social media personality claimed that she had a cure for cancer. 范例：社交媒体人物声称她可以治愈癌症。 Some diseases still have no cure (= a cure has not yet been found). 有些疾病仍然无法治愈（=尚未找到治愈方法）。

cure (n): A solution to a problem. 解决问题的方法。 Examples: I think that a bit of sealant will be a cure for the leaky roof. 例子：我认为一点点密封胶可以解决屋顶漏水的问题。 A holiday is a great cure for overwork. 假期是过度劳累的好方法。

cure (v): To make someone who is sick, healthy again. 让一个生病的人再次健康。 Examples: A social media personality claimed that she could cure cancer. 示例：社交媒体人物声称她可以治愈癌症。 Scientists can still not cure many diseases. 科学家仍然无法治愈许多疾病。 This medicine won't cure you, but it will slow down the progress of your disease.这种药物不能治愈您，但会减慢疾病的进程。 I/you/we/they/ cure, he/she/it/ cures. /am/is/are/ curing (note spelling, no -E). /all/ cured (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ curing. /shall/will/ cure. /shall/will/ be curing.

cure (v): To solve a problem. 解决问题。 Examples: I can cure the leaky roof with some sealant. 例子：我可以用一些密封剂来修补漏水的屋顶。 The Government believes that a huge house-building program will cure our economic problems. 政府认为，庞大的房屋建造计划将解决我们的经济问题。

cure (v): To process food, cowhide etc. with smoke, salt, etc. in order to preserve it. 用烟，盐等加工食物，牛皮等以进行保存。 Example: Before refrigeration was available, people cured meat to preserve it. 示例：在冷藏之前，人们先腌制肉以保存。

"prevention is better than cure" = it is better to put some time and money into stopping a problem occurring, than to let it occur and then have to fix it. “预防胜于治疗” =花费一些时间和金钱来阻止问题的发生，而不是让问题发生然后不得不解决。 Example: Many experts on crime believe that prevention is better than cure, as far as young people ("juveniles") are concerned. 例子：许多犯罪专家认为，就年轻人（“少年”）而言，预防胜于治疗。

"rest cure" = to cure a disease, or at least reduce its symptoms, by resting a lot. “休息疗法” =通过大量休息来治愈疾病，或至少减轻其症状。 Example: In the 19th century, a rest cure was a popular treatment for stress or anxiety. 示例：在19世纪，休息疗法是缓解压力或焦虑的一种流行方法。

"kill or cure" = a treatment for a problem that will either work well (= "cure") or fail badly (= "kill"). Often said as a joke. “杀死或治愈” =治疗效果良好（=“治愈”）或失败严重（=“ kill”）的问题。 常说笑话。 Example: John put a special grease on the noisy piece of machinery, as kill or cure. 示例：约翰在嘈杂的机器上涂抹了特殊的油脂，以杀死或治愈。

CURL 卷曲 / 拳曲 / 卷 / 卷边 / 蜷曲 / 鬈

curl (n), curls (pl): Hair that has grown as a curving shape, or has been made into a curving shape. 头发已弯曲成曲线状或已变成弯曲状的头发。 Example: Sandra's hair grows in tight curls and she has never been able to straighten it. 示例：Sandra的头发长着紧卷发，但她从来没有拉直过头发。

curl (n): Some other object that looks like a curl of hair. 看起来像卷发的其他物体。 Example: Curls of smoke could be seen rising from the bushfire. 例子：从篝火中可以看到卷起浓烟。 The carpenter planed a curl of wood off the edge of the wooden table. 木匠从木桌边缘刨出一小撮木头。

curl (v): To make something into the shape of a curl. 使某物成卷发状。 Example: The hairdresser carefully curled her customer's hair. 示例：美发师小心地卷曲客户的头发。 I/you/we/they/ curl, he/she/it/ curls. /am/is/are/ curling. /all/ curled. /was/were/ curling. /shall/will/ curl. /shall/will/ be curling.

curl (v): To grow or change into the shape of a curl. 生长或改变成卷发的形状。 Examples: The gymnast curled her fingers around the horizontal bar. 示例：体操运动员将手指卷曲在单杠上。 Sandra's hair curls naturally. 桑德拉的头发自然卷曲。

curl (v): To make a ball move in a curve by kicking it in a special way. 通过特殊的踢法使球在曲线中移动。 Example: The soccer player curled the ball around the post and into the goal. 示例：足球运动员将球卷曲在柱子周围并进入球门。

"curl up" = to arrange your body in the shape of a curl. “卷曲” =使您的身体呈卷发状。 Example: Muriel's cat loves to curl up in front of the gas heater. 示例：Muriel的猫喜欢在燃气加热器前curl缩。

"curl up and die" = literally, to arrange your body in a curl, and then die. “卷曲起来并死去” =从字面上看，使您的身体卷曲，然后死去。 But this usually has a humorous meaning, an example of "hyperbole" (which you will learn in a later lesson). 但这通常具有幽默的含义，例如“夸张”（您将在以后的课程中学习）。It means, to be extremely embarrassed. 这意味着要非常尴尬。 Example: I was so embarrassed by my Mother's stories about my childhood, I felt I could just curl up and die. 例子：我为我母亲关于童年的故事感到非常尴尬，我觉得自己可以curl缩而死。

"curl your lip" = to sneer at someone, that is, raise one side of your mouth to show disgust or contempt. “卷曲你的嘴唇” =嘲笑某人，也就是说，举起你的嘴巴的一侧表示厌恶或轻蔑。 Example: When the social worker saw the disgusting state of the house, she curled her lip. 示例：当社工看到房子的令人作呕的状态时，她she起了嘴唇。

CURVE 曲线 / 弧形 / 弯子 / 弯曲 / 弯

curve (n): An object that has a continuous bend in it. 具有连续弯曲的对象。 Examples: Ernie slowed his car because a sharp curve in the road was coming up. 例子：厄尼放慢了车速，因为路上急转弯。 Fred's girlfriend has curves in all the right places. The adjective for that is "curvaceous". 弗雷德（Fred）的女友在所有合适的地方弯曲。 形容词是“曲线的”。

"curvature" (n) = The state of having a curve. 弯曲的状态。 Example: Many elderly people suffer from a curvature of the spine. 示例：许多老年人患有脊柱弯曲。

curve (n): A line on a graph that shows how two sets of information are related. 图表上的一条线，显示了两组信息之间的关系。 One set is shown on a horizontal axis, called the "X" axis. 一组显示在水平轴上，称为“ X”轴。 The second set is shown on a vertical axis, called the "Y" axis. 第二组显示在称为“ Y”轴的垂直轴上。 Examples: The engineer was analysing a curve of electrical power used versus time. 示例：工程师正在分析所用电功率与时间的关系曲线。 Our methods to slow the spread of the virus have allowed us to "flatten the curve". 我们减慢病毒传播速度的方法使我们能够“拉平曲线”。

"a downward curve" = a curve that slopes from high to low on a graph. “向下的曲线” =在图形上从高到低倾斜的曲线。 Example: The use of coal in Australian electricity generation has shown a downward curve as the years go by. 示例：随着时间的流逝，澳大利亚发电中的煤炭使用量呈下降趋势。

"an upward curve" = a curve that slopes from low to high on a graph. “向上的曲线” =在图形上从低到高倾斜的曲线。 Example: Amphetamine use in Australia has been on an upward curve in the last few years. 例如：过去几年，澳大利亚的苯丙胺使用量一直呈上升趋势。

"a steep curve" = a curve with a large slope. “陡峭的曲线” ＝具有大斜率的曲线。 Example: Amphetamine use in Australia shows a steep upward curve. 示例：在澳大利亚使用苯丙胺显示出陡峭的上升曲线。

"a bell curve" = a curve which starts low, rises to a peak and then drops back to low, like the shape of a bell. “钟形曲线” =从低点开始，上升到峰值然后又回落到低点的曲线，类似于钟形。 Many statistical measurements produce a bell curve, which is also called a "normal distribution". 许多统计测量都会产生钟形曲线，也称为“正态分布”。 Example: The schoolchildren measured the height of every 8th-grade student and graphed them, producing a bell curve. 例子：小学生测量每一个八年级学生的身高，并绘制他们的图形，产生一个钟形曲线。

curve (n): The curved shape in which a ball moves when it is hit or kicked in a special way. 球以特殊方式被击打时移动的弯曲形状。 Example: The soccer player kicked the ball in a curve around the post and into the goal. 示例：足球运动员将球踢过球，绕过门柱并进入球门。

curve (v): To make a curve. 绘制曲线。 Examples: The machine curved the flat metal bar into a semi-circle. 示例：机器将金属条弯曲成半圆。 The soccer player curved the ball around the post and into the goal. 足球运动员将球绕柱子弯入球门。 I/you/we/they/ curve, he/she/it/ curves. /am/is/are/ curving (note spelling, no -E). /all/ curved (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ curving. /shall/will/ curve. /shall/will/ be curving.

curve (v): To move in the shape of a curve. 以曲线形状移动。 Examples: The ball curved around the post and into the goal. 示例：球绕着杆子弯曲并进入球门。 The road ahead curves around to the left. 前面的路向左转弯。

"ahead of the curve" = reaching some stage of development more quickly than other things or people. “超前” =比其他事物或人更快地到达发展的某个阶段。 Example: This modern machine has put the company ahead of the curve compared with its competitors. 示例：与竞争对手相比，这台现代化的机器使公司处于领先地位。

"behind the curve" = the opposite of "ahead of the curve", being less advanced than other things or people. “在曲线后面” =“在曲线前面”的反义词，不如其他事物或人先进。 Example: This company uses old-fashioned machinery and is well behind the curve on this project. 示例：该公司使用老式机械，并且在该项目中处于落后状态。

CUT 伤口 / 刀口 / 阄 / 砍 / 削 / 断开 / 创口的

cut (n), cuts (pl): An injury made when a surface such as a person's skin is broken using a sharp object such as a knife. 当使用锋利的物体（例如刀）将诸如人的皮肤等表面弄破时，会造成伤害。 Example: The surgeon made a long cut in the patient's torso. 示例：外科医生对患者的躯干进行了长切口。

cut (n): A piece of meat cut from a certain part of an animal. 从动物的某个部位切下来的一块肉。 Example: Skirt steak is an inexpensive cut of beef, perfect for stews and curries. 示例：半条牛排是便宜的牛肉块，非常适合炖菜和咖喱。

cut (n): A part removed from a book or video. 从书本或视频中删除的部分。 Example: The TV company decided to cut all scenes of animal cruelty from the documentary. 示例：电视公司决定从纪录片中剪切所有虐待动物的场景。

cut (n): The shape or style of something. 事物的形状或样式。 Example: Sandra likes the cut of her new business suit. 示例：桑德拉（Sandra）喜欢她的新西装。

"cut a fine figure" = to look good in your clothes. “剪出好身材” =穿上好衣服。 Example: Sandra cuts a fine figure in her new business suit. 例子：桑德拉（Sandra）在她的新西装上砍下了漂亮的身材。

cut (n): A reduction in the number or quantity of something. 减少数量或数量的减少。 Example: We are looking forward to a cut in interest rates promised by the new Government. 例子：我们期待新政府承诺降低利率。

"cuts" (plural noun only)" = reductions in public spending. “削减”（仅复数名词）” =减少公共支出。 Example: There were protests against cuts in the Unemployment Benefit. 示例：有人抗议削减失业救济金。

cut (n): A share of something, usually money. 一部分东西，通常是金钱。 Examples: After the robbery, each member of the gang got their cut. 示例：抢劫之后，该团伙的每个成员都受到了伤害。 A "cut of the proceeds" also means a share of something, in this case "proceeds" (= the results of selling something). “收益分成”也表示一定的份额，在这种情况下为“收益”（=出售某物的结果）。

cutting (n): A narrow passage made through a hill for a railway. 一条狭窄的通道，穿过一条小山穿过铁路。 Example: The train runs through a deep cutting as it approaches Box Hill Station. 示例：火车接近Box Hill车站时，经过一个深切路口。

cut (v): To break the surface of something using a sharp tool. 用锋利的工具弄碎物体的表面。 Examples: The surgeon cut the patient's torso using a scalpel. 示例：外科医生用手术刀切开患者的躯干。 This knife isn't sharp enough to cut well. 这把刀不够锋利，无法很好地切割。 Bert accidentally cut his hand on some broken glass. 伯特不小心在碎玻璃上割了手。 The girl fell off a slide in the playground and cut her knee. 这个女孩在操场上滑落下来，摔伤了膝盖。 I/you/we/they/ cut, he/she/it/ cuts. /am/is/are/ cutting (note spelling, double-T). /all/ cut (note spelling, irregular verb). /was/were/ cutting. /shall/will/ cut. /shall/will/ be cutting.

cut (v): To divide something into two or more parts, using a sharp tool. 使用锋利的工具将东西分成两个或更多部分。 Examples: Sandra cut the skirt steak into small pieces, for cooking a curry. 例如：桑德拉（Sandra）将牛排切成小块，用来煮咖喱。 Muriel cut a slice of salami for her lunch. 穆里尔为她的午餐切了一片萨拉米香肠。 We cut the birthday cake into 8 pieces. 我们将生日蛋糕切成8块。 Can you cut me a small slice of sausage, please? 可以给我切一小段香肠吗？

"to cut (something) loose" / "to cut (something) free" = to use a tool to cut some object and release something or someone. “切开（切开）的东西” /“切开（切开）的东西” =使用工具切开某些物体并释放某物或某人。 Example: The Accident Response Team cut the driver of the crashed car free with a large power tool. 示例：事故响应团队使用大型电动工具将撞车的驾驶员释放出来。

cut (v): To make something smaller. 使东西变小。 Examples: Our business needs to cut costs, or it will fail. 示例：我们的业务需要削减成本，否则将失败。 We haven't got enough work, so we shall have to cut staff wages. 我们没有足够的工作，所以我们将不得不削减员工工资。

cut out (v): To remove something from something else. 从别的东西中去除某物。 Example: The child had appendicitis, so their appendix was cut out. 例：孩子患有阑尾炎，因此切掉了阑尾。

"cut somebody out of your Will" = to decide not to leave someone any of your assets when you die. “将某人从您的遗嘱中剔除” =决定在您死后不留下某人的任何资产。 Example: The mother threw her son out of their home for using drugs - now she has cut him out of her Will too! 示例：母亲将儿子因吸毒而带出家门-现在她也将儿子从遗嘱中除名！

"cut and paste" = To move part of a document on the screen of a computer, to another part of the document, or to another document. “剪切并粘贴” =将文档的一部分在计算机屏幕上移动到文档的另一部分或另一文档上。 Example: {"cut and paste" } is different from "copy and paste" because the part being moved is deleted from its original position. 示例：“剪切和粘贴”不同于“复制和粘贴”，因为要移动的零件已从其原始位置删除。

cut (v): To stop something. 停止某事。 Example: Bert parked his car and cut the engine. 示例：伯特停了车，切断了发动机。

"power cut" = a stoppage of electricity. “停电” =停电。 Example: Just as the TV program was becoming interesting, there was a power cut! 例子：正当电视节目变得有趣时，就断电了！

"cut somebody short" = to interrupt someone and stop them talking. “剪短某人” =打断某人并阻止他们讲话。 Example: Betty started to tell her boss about the problem, but he cut her short. 例子：贝蒂开始告诉她的老板这个问题，但是他切断了她的职务。

"cut it out!" (interj) = stop doing that! “剪掉！” （interj）=别那样做！ Example: "Cut it out!" shouted Muriel's grand-daughter to her brother, who was pulling her hair. 例子：“剪出来！” 穆里尔的孙女向拉她头发的哥哥大喊。

"cut a tooth" = to grow a new tooth. “切牙” =长出新牙。 Example: Cutting a tooth is a painful time for a baby. 示例：砍牙对婴儿来说是痛苦的时刻。

"cut a corner" = to not keep to the correct side of the road when going around a corner. “拐弯” =在拐弯时不要保持在正确的道路上。 Example: Bert cut a corner on his drive home from the pub, and nearly hit another car. 示例：伯特在酒吧开车回家的路上拐了个弯，差点撞到另一辆车。

"cut corners" = to take risks doing some activity, which can lead to later problems. “偷工减料” =冒险做一些活动，这可能会导致以后的问题。 Example: After the building collapsed, it was found that the builder had cut corners when making the concrete supports. 示例：建筑物倒塌后，发现建造者在制作混凝土支撑架时已经拐弯了。

"cut cards" = to divide a pile of playing cards into two parts. “切牌” =将一堆纸牌分成两部分。 Example: Bert and Ernie were playing poker. "Who's turn is it to cut the cards?" asked Ernie. 例子：伯特和厄尼在玩扑克。 “轮到谁来剪卡了？” 厄尼问。

"can't cut it" = is not capable of doing something. “无法削减” =无法执行某项操作。 Example: This is a difficult job, so we gave the new employee a 3-month trial, and unfortunately they couldn't cut it. 示例：这是一项艰巨的工作，因此我们为新员工进行了为期3个月的试用，但不幸的是他们无法削减。

"cut somebody down to size" = to criticise [US: criticize] someone, to show that they are less important than they think they are. “缩减人员规模” =批评某人，表明他们没有他们认为的重要。 Example: Fred was boasting about his holiday, but his colleagues cut him down to size. 例子：弗雷德吹嘘自己的假期，但他的同事们把他缩小了。

"cut it fine" = to do some activity with only a small allowance for errors. “精打细算” =要做一些活动，只保留少量的错误。 Examples: David has only one day left to finish his assignment, which is cutting it fine. 例子：大卫只剩下一天来完成他的任务，这可以说还不错。 The business plans to spend $ 800,000 on advertising, which is cutting it fine because they have less than $ 850,000 in the bank. 该公司计划在广告上花费80万美元，这笔罚款被削减了，因为他们的银行存款少于850,000美元。

"cut your losses" = to stop doing some activity that is failing, before it gets worse. “减少损失” =在恶化之前停止做一些失败的活动。 Example: The drought, which showed no sign of ending, forced the farmer to cut his losses and sell the farm. 例子：干旱并没有结束的迹象，迫使农民减少损失并出售了农场。

"cut off your nose to spite your face" = to disadvantage someone in a way that actually disadvantages yourself more. “用鼻子割鼻使脸变臭” =以某种实际上使自己更不利的方式对某人不利。 Example: The company sacked its best salesman because of his personality, but they now realise that they cut off their nose to spite their face. 示例：该公司因其个性而解雇了最好的推销员，但他们现在意识到，他们割鼻子割了脸。

"a cut above" = being superior to similar objects or people. “高于一切” =优于同类物品或人物。 Example: I thought the last house we inspected was lovely, but this one is a cut above. 例子：我以为我们检查的最后一所房子很漂亮，但是这是上面的一个部分。

"cut and thrust" = a competitive way in which some activity is done. A fencing technique that uses both the edge and the point of the blade. “削减和推动” =一种完成某项活动的竞争方式。 一种既使用刀片的边缘又使用尖端的击剑技术。 Example: At University, Alice enjoyed the cut and thrust of arguments with the other students in class. 例子：在大学里，爱丽丝和班上的其他同学一起享受了争论的切入点。

"cut both ways" = to have both good and bad effects at the same time. Sometimes referred to as "a double-edged sword". “双向砍伐” =同时具有好的和坏的影响。 有时也称为“一把双刃剑”。 Example: This curfew will certainly stop the virus spreading, but it will badly affect the economy - it cuts both ways. 示例：这种宵禁肯定会阻止病毒传播，但会严重影响经济-双向传播。

"cut someone some slack" = to be less critical of someone because you know they are having a difficult time. “减少某人的懈怠” =减少对某人的批评，因为您知道他们度过了艰难的时光。 Example: Alice is a bit difficult to get on with at the moment, but she recently split up with her boyfriend, so we should cut her some slack. 例子：爱丽丝目前很难相处，但是她最近和男友分手了，所以我们应该减少她的懈怠。

"cut back" = to reduce something. “削减” =减少一些东西。 Example: With revenue (= money coming in) falling, the business had to cut back on expenditure (= money going out). 示例：随着收入（=收入）下降，企业不得不削减支出（=收入）。

"cut back" = To prune a plant. “削减” =修剪植物。 Example: Yesterday Frank cut back the trees along one side of his garden. 例子：昨天弗兰克砍掉了他花园一侧的树木。

"cut down" = to reduce something. “减少” =减少某些东西。 Example: Sandra knows she has to cut down on sugary foods if she is to lose weight. 例如：桑德拉（Sandra）知道如果要减肥，就必须减少含糖食品。

"crew cut" = a short style of haircut. “剪发” =短发。 Example: In hot climates, having a crew cut is sensible because it keeps your head cooler. 示例：在炎热的气候下，裁员是明智的，因为这样可以使您的头部保持凉爽。

"cut and dried" = definite, completely settled. “切干” =确定，完全解决。 Example: Negotiations over a wage rise for employees are now cut-and-dried. 例子：关于雇员加薪的谈判现在已经干了。

"low-cut" (adj) = For a dress, designed to show a lot of the wearer's breasts. “低胸”（adj）=设计用于显示很多穿着者乳房的连衣裙。 Example: The new receptionist likes to wear low-cut dresses, which attracts a lot of attention from male staff. 示例：新接待员喜欢穿低胸连衣裙，这引起了男性员工的极大关注。

cut (adj): Flowers with their roots removed, ready for display. 切（adj）：去除根部的花，准备显示。 Example: Muriel likes to always keep a vase of cut flowers in their hall. 例如：穆里尔（Muriel）喜欢总是在他们的大厅里放一瓶切花。

CYCLE 自行车 / 单车 / 周期 / 循环 / 骑车 / 轮转

cycle (n), cycles (pl): A bicycle. 一辆自行车。 Examples: Riding a bicycle is a good way to get in and out of a city centre, but only if the road is safe! 示例：骑自行车是进出市中心的好方法，但前提是道路安全！ All Melbourne railway stations have secure storage for cycles. 所有墨尔本火车站都有安全的自行车存放处。

cycle (n): A group of events that happen in a fixed order. Some cycles repeat. 一组以固定顺序发生的事件。 某些循环会重复。 Examples: The wash cycle in a washing machine consists of: fill, prewash, drain, fill, wash, drain and spin events. 示例：洗衣机的洗涤周期包括：填充，预洗，排水，填充，洗涤，排水和旋转事件。 The "water cycle" shows how water evaporates from the sea, forms clouds, falls as rain over the land, then flows back into the sea, repeating forever. “水循环”显示了水如何从海洋蒸发，形成云层，随着雨水降落在陆地上，然后流回大海，并不断重复。 The "carbon cycle" shows how atmospheric carbon is absorbed by growing plants, and released when they decompose or are burned. “碳循环”显示了大气中的碳如何被生长中的植物吸收，并在它们分解或燃烧时释放出来。

cycle (n): A group of plays or other artistic works, written by one person and all part of one great idea. 一堆戏剧或其他艺术作品，由一个人撰写，并且是一个好主意的全部。 Example: Wagner's "Ring Cycle" of 4 operas, based on a 12th-century German poem, is performed almost every year at the German city of Bayreuth. 例子：瓦格纳（Wagner）的4部歌剧的“响动周期”（Ring Cycle）是根据12世纪德国诗歌创作的，几乎每年都会在德国拜罗伊特（Bayreuth）进行。

"life cycle" = the process from birth to death of an animal, and how it repeats in that animal's offspring. “生命周期” =从动物出生到死亡的过程，以及该过程在该动物后代中的重复过程。 Example: Most animals' life cycles go from birth to sexual maturity, reproduce, possibly care for their offspring, age and then die. The cycle repeats with their offspring. 例如：大多数动物的生命周期从出生到性成熟，繁殖，可能要照顾其后代，年龄然后死亡。 他们的后代重复这个周期。

"business cycle" = a repeating process where a country's economy expands ("booms") then contracts ("busts") and share prices rise and fall. “商业周期” =一个重复的过程，在该过程中，一个国家的经济扩张（“繁荣”），然后收缩（“萧条”），股价上涨和下跌。 Example: A typical business cycle runs for 10-20 years, but they are very irregular and difficult to predict. 示例：典型的商业周期为10至20年，但它们非常不规则且难以预测。

cycle (v): To ride a bicycle. 骑自行车。 I/you/we/they/ cycle, he/she/it/ cycles. /am/is/are/ cycling (note spelling, no -E). /all/ cycled (note spelling, single -E). /was/were/ cycling. /shall/will/ cycle. /shall/will/ be cycling.

cycle (v): To move through a group of events in a fixed order. 以固定顺序浏览一组事件。 Example: This car spraying machine uses industrial robots to cycle through a hundred movements of the spray guns. 示例：该汽车喷涂机使用工业机器人在喷枪的一百次运动中循环。

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