第133课：多义词：N-O

Lesson 133: More Words with Many Meanings: N-O

In this lesson, and in the remainder of this Course, the description of verbs will be shortened. 在本课和本课程的其余部分，动词的描述将被缩短。

As an example, consider the verb "to light", which you learned in Lesson 129. Certain words have been underlined: 例如，考虑您在第 129 课中学到的动词“to light”。某些词已被划线：

I/you/we/they light, he/she/it lights.
/am/is/are/ lighting.
/all/ lit (note spelling, irregular verb).
/was/were/ lighting.
/shall/will/ light.
/shall/will/ be lighting.
I/you/we/they have lit, he/she/it has lit.
I/you/we/they have been lighting, he/she/it has been lighting.
/all/ had lit.
/all/ had been lighting.
/shall/will/ have lit.
/shall/will/ have been lighting.

The four underlined words are all you need to construct a verb! 四个带下划线的词是构成动词所需的全部！

They are, for the verb "light": 对于动词“光”，它们是：

light = present simple tense, 1st person singular. light = 现在一般时态，第一人称单数

lights = present simple tense, 1st person plural. lights = 现在一般时态，第一人称复数

lighting = present participle. 照明 = 现在分词

lit = past participle (which is irregular for the verb "light"). lit = 过去分词（对于动词“light”来说是不规则的）。

So from now on, verbs will be presented in the following way. Where letters are left out, or a tense is irregular, the lesson will say so. Here are some examples from previous lessons, in the new form: 所以从现在开始，动词将按照以下方式呈现。 如果遗漏了字母，或者时态不规则，课程会这样说。 以下是以前课程中的一些示例，采用新形式：

face (v): face, faces, facing (no -E), faced (single -E).

fall (v): fall, falls, falling, fell (irregular).

last (v): last, lasts, lasting, lasted.

light (v): light, lights, lighting, lit (irregular).

make (v): make, makes, making (no -E), made (irregular).

move (v): move, moves, moving (no -E), moved.

You are experienced enough by now to be able to construct your own verbs from those four words.

NAIL 钉 / 趾甲

nail (n), nails (pl): A metal object with a straight shaft, a point and a head that's wider than the shaft. It is hammered fully into wood to join pieces together. 具有直轴、尖端和比轴宽的头部的金属物体。 它被完全锤入木头以将碎片连接在一起。

Nails can also be hammered partway into wood, to serve as a peg for hanging objects. Also called a "brad" or a "clout". Very small nails are called "tacks" or "panel pins". 钉子也可以半敲入木头，作为悬挂物体的钉子。 也称为“布拉德”或“影响力”。 非常小的钉子被称为“大头钉”或“面板销”。

Example: Frank used 50 mm nails for making the frame of his new shed. 示例：弗兰克使用 50 毫米钉子制作他的新棚子的框架。

nail (n): A hard covering on the top of the tips of fingers, thumbs and toes, in humans and monkeys. 人类和猴子手指、拇指和脚趾顶部的坚硬覆盖物。

Examples: Sandra visited a beauty salon to have her nails trimmed and painted. 示例：Sandra 去美容院修剪和涂指甲。

When Betty becomes anxious, she tends to bite her nails. 当贝蒂变得焦虑时，她倾向于咬指甲。

nail (v): nail, nails, nailing, nailed. To fasten objects together using nails. 用钉子将物体固定在一起。

Example: Frank nailed together the frame of his new shed. 例子：弗兰克把他的新棚子的框架钉在一起。

nail (v) [SL:] To arrest someone. Also said as "take into custody". 去逮捕某人。 亦称“收押”。

Example: The NSW Police nailed a wanted drug smuggler just before he crossed into QLD. 示例：新南威尔士州警方在一名通缉毒品走私犯进入昆士兰州之前逮捕了他。

nail (v) [SL:] To perform a task perfectly. 完美地完成一项任务。

Examples: The tennis player nailed the match in the last set. 示例：网球运动员在最后一盘比赛中获胜。

The archer nailed the bulls-eye with her last 4 arrows. 弓箭手用最后 4 支箭射中了靶心。

NEED 需要 / 必须 / 用 / 需 / 得

need (n, countable and uncountable): Something that is required, or necessary. Also called a "necessity". 需要或必需的东西。 也称为“必需品”。

Examples: Alice's pay covers far more than her day-to-day needs. 示例：Alice 的工资远远超出了她的日常需求。

Food and shelter are basic human needs. 食物和住所是人类的基本需求。

need (n): A state of requiring help. Also called "want" or "hardship". 需要帮助的状态。 也称为“想要”或“困难”。

Examples: The emergency helicopter helped the injured walker in her hour of need. 示例：紧急直升机在需要帮助的时候帮助了受伤的步行者。

It's difficult for people with employment, and a comfortable home, to understand the hardship of homeless unemployed people. 有工作、有舒适家园的人很难理解无家可归的失业者的艰辛。

needy (adj): Requiring help, which can be monetary, physical or emotional. 需要帮助，可以是金钱上的、身体上的或情感上的。

Example: A friend of Frank's became quite needy after his wife died. 例子：弗兰克的一个朋友在妻子去世后变得非常贫困。

need (v): need, needs, needing, needed.

To require something that is essential or very important. Also said as "to stand in need", "to be crying out for", "to be desperate for." 要求一些必不可少的或非常重要的东西。 也表示为“急需”、“为所欲为”、“为所欲为”。

Examples: The outback ([SL:] = "remote rural") community needs help immediately, to escape a fast-moving bushfire. 示例：内陆（[SL:] =“偏远农村”）社区需要立即帮助，以躲避快速蔓延的丛林大火。

During the pandemic, homeless people needed housing to minimise their chance of getting COVID-19. 在大流行期间，无家可归的人需要住房以尽量减少感染 COVID-19 的机会。

Bert's house is crying out for a coat of paint. 伯特的房子急需刷漆。

need (v): Showing an obligation. Also said "to be obliged to", "to be compelled to". 表现出一种义务。 亦称“被迫”、“被迫”。

Examples: "Need I say more?" = do I have to explain this matter to you any further? 例如：“需要我多说吗？” = 我需要再向你解释这件事吗？

Residents of the outback town were obliged to leave their houses to escape the raging bushfire. 内陆城镇的居民被迫离开家园，以躲避熊熊大火。

NEST 巢 / 窝 / 巢穴 / 筑巢

nest (n), nests (pl): A structure built by a bird, in which to lay its eggs and care for its offspring. 一种由鸟类建造的结构，用于产卵和照顾后代。

Example: A pair of mynas are building a nest close to our house. 示例：一对八哥正在我们家附近筑巢。

nest (n) [SL:] A person's comfortable home or job. 一个人舒适的家或工作。

Example: Betty has a cozy nest in the suburb of Mont Albert. 示例：贝蒂在阿尔伯特山郊区有一个舒适的小窝。

"to flee the nest" [SL:] = to leave your family home and live independently. 离开家，独立生活。

Example: Alice had an unhappy childhood, and fled the nest as soon as she got a job. 例子：爱丽丝有一个不幸的童年，她一找到工作就逃离了巢穴。

nest (n): A place used by undesirable people. 不受欢迎的人使用的地方。

Example: That local park is a nest of drug dealers. 示例：当地公园是毒贩的巢穴。

nest (n): A set of similar objects which are of different sizes, so that each fits inside the next larger one, which makes them easy to store. 一组大小不同的相似物品，每个物品都可以放入下一个较大的物品中，这使得它们易于存放。

Example: Muriel has a nest of 3 coffee tables. 示例：Muriel 有一窝 3 张咖啡桌。

nest (v): nest, nests, nesting, nested.

To make or use a nest. 制作或使用巢穴。

Example: There is a noisy family of magpies nesting close to our house! 例子：我们家附近有一群吵闹的喜鹊筑巢！

nest (v): To fit one object inside another. 将一个对象放入另一个对象中。

Examples: Muriel wiped and nested her coffee tables inside each other. 示例：Muriel 擦拭并将她的咖啡桌相互嵌套。

A popular ornament is a set of nested Russian dolls. 一种流行的装饰品是一套嵌套的俄罗斯娃娃。

"to nestle" (v): To sit snugly in a desirable place. 舒适地坐在理想的地方。

Example: The village nestles in a valley in the Victorian Alps. 示例：该村庄坐落在维多利亚阿尔卑斯山的一个山谷中。

NICK 缺口 / 偷 / 监狱 / 尼古拉斯

nick (n), nicks (pl): A small cut in a surface. Also called a "snick", "chip", "gouge" or "blemish". 表面上的小切口。 也称为“窃笑”、“芯片”、“圆凿”或“缺陷”。

Examples: Bert knocked over a table, leaving a nick in one of its legs. 示例：Bert 打翻了一张桌子，在它的一条腿上留下了一个缺口。

Ernie gave himself a nick while shaving. 厄尼刮胡子时给自己留了一个缺口。

nick (n): In cricket, a small deflection of the ball off the edge of the bat, which is often an easy catch. 在板球中，球从球棒边缘的小偏转，这通常很容易接球。

Example: The cricketer played at a swinging delivery (= a ball bowled by the bowler), gave it a faint nick, and was caught by the wicket-keeper. 示例：板球运动员在摇摆投球（= 投球手投出的球）时打出一个微弱的划痕，然后被守门员接住。

"in good nick" [SL:] = in good condition. 状态良好。

Example: John drives an old car which is still in good nick. 示例：约翰驾驶一辆仍然完好无损的旧车。

"in bad nick" [SL:] = in bad condition. 状况不佳。

Example: The guttering at the back of Frank's shed is in bad nick. 例子：弗兰克棚子后面的排水沟很糟糕。

"the nick" [SL:] = a prison. 一座监狱。

Example: The robbers were captured by Police and taken to the local nick. 示例：劫匪被警察抓获并带到当地的尼克。

"Nick" (n) = diminutive of the name "Nicholas". “尼古拉斯”这个名字的缩写。

nick (v, transitive): nick, nicks, nicking, nicked.

To make a nick or notch in something; to cut or scratch it. 在某物上做一个缺口或缺口； 切割或划伤它。

Example: Bert knocked over a table and nicked one of its legs. 示例：Bert 打翻了一张桌子并划伤了它的一条腿。

nick (v, transitive): To cut a pattern of nicks or notches into the edge of an object such as a belt. 在物体（例如腰带）的边缘上切割出刻痕或凹口的图案。

Example: The naughty schoolboy nicks his belt every time he gets a detention (= being kept inside at school while his classmates are allowed outside to play). 示例：这个顽皮的男生每次被拘留（= 被关在学校里，而他的同学被允许在外面玩耍）时，他的腰带上有划痕。

nick (v, intransitive): To make a nick in yourself. 在自己身上留下一个缺口。

Example: Ernie nicked himself while shaving. 示例：厄尼剃须时划伤了自己。

nick (v): In cricket, to hit the ball with the edge of the bat and produce a fine deflection. 在板球中，用球棒的边缘击球并产生细微的偏转。

Example: The cricketer nicked a swinging delivery and was caught by the wicket-keeper. 示例：板球运动员在摇摆投球时划伤并被守门员抓住。

nick (v) [SL:] To steal. 去偷。

Example: Nicking goods from a shop is a crime called "shoplifting". 示例：从商店窃取商品是一种称为“入店行窃”的犯罪。

nick (v) [SL:] To arrest somebody. 逮捕某人。

Example: The robbers were nicked by Police and taken to the local nick. 示例：劫匪被警察割伤并被带到当地监狱。

NOVEL 小说 / 新颖

novel (n), novels (pl): A written story, usually published as a book. Also called a "tale". 一个书面故事，通常作为一本书出版。 也称为“故事”。

Examples: "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" is a novel of survival. 例子：“鲁滨逊漂流记”是一部生存小说。

The author David Poyer writes realistic tales of war. 作者大卫波耶写了现实的战争故事。

Most printed novels are available to buy as "hardback" and "paperback" versions. 大多数印刷小说都可以购买“精装”和“平装”版本。

Ernie read a paperback novel while waiting to see his doctor. 厄尼在等待看医生时阅读了一本平装小说。

novel (v): There is no verb "novel". 没有动词“小说”。

novel (adj): New or unusual, probably interesting as well. Also called "unconventional", "unorthodox", "imaginative" and "creative". 新的或不寻常的，可能也很有趣。 也称为“非传统”、“非正统”、“富有想象力”和“创造性”。

Examples: The use of MRNA technology is a novel idea for vaccines. 示例： 使用 mRNA 技术是疫苗的新想法。

An Australian company has developed an imaginative process to produce hydrogen from natural gas. 一家澳大利亚公司开发了一种从天然气中生产氢气的富有想象力的工艺。

The NT is trying an unorthodox idea to reduce truancy (= absence from school lessons). 北领地正在尝试一种非正统的想法来减少逃学（= 缺课）。

NUMBER 数字 / 数 / 编号 / 报数

number (n), numbers (pl): A symbol, "0" to "9" used to describe a quantity. The table below tells you about different classes of numbers. 用于描述数量的符号“0”到“9”。 下表告诉您不同类别的数字。

natural numbers 自然数

counting numbers 1, 2, 3 etc
数数 1、2、3 等

whole numbers 整数

natural numbers plus the special number 0
自然数加特殊数0

integers 整数

whole numbers both positive and negative
正负整数

fractions 分数

parts of a whole piece, for example 1/2 means one-half
整件的一部分，例如 1/2 表示一半

real numbers 实数

all the above types of numbers plus numbers with decimal points, e.g 5, -21, 0, 1/3, 2.78
以上所有类型的数字加上带小数点的数字，例如 5、-21、0、1/3、2.78

Numbers are called "even" if they can be divided by 2 exactly, and "odd" if they can't. 如果数字可以被 2 整除，则称为“偶数”，如果不能被 2 整除，则称为“奇数”。

Example: The numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 etc are even. 1, 3, 5, 7 etc are odd. 示例：数字 2、4、6、8 等是偶数。 1、3、5、7 等是奇数。

Numbers are called "prime" if they can't be divided exactly by any number except themselves and 1. 如果数字不能被除自身和 1 以外的任何数字精确整除，则称其为“质数”。

Example: The numbers 3, 5, 7 and 11 are prime. 示例：数字 3、5、7 和 11 是质数。

number (n): A symbol showing the position of something in a list or line. You can also write "#" or "Nmbr" or "No." 显示某物在列表或行中的位置的符号。 您也可以写“#”或“Nmbr”或“No”。

Examples: Please take a number and join the queue. 示例：请取一个号码并加入队列。

At the carnival, David finished # 3 in the high jump. 在狂欢节上，大卫在跳高比赛中排名第三。

We left the car in parking space No.76. 我们把车停在了 76 号停车位。

number (n): A telephone number. 一个电话号码。

Example: At the auction, to be allowed to look inside the house, Muriel would have had to give the agents her number. 示例：在拍卖会上，要被允许查看房屋内部，Muriel 必须向代理商提供她的电话号码。

number (n): An artistic performance, especially a single song or dance or musical item that forms part of a larger performance. 艺术表演，尤指构成大型表演一部分的一首歌曲或舞蹈或音乐项目。

Example: At the concert, a young girl sang a number that moved the audience to tears. 例子：在音乐会上，一个年轻的女孩唱了一首让观众感动得热泪盈眶的数字。

number (n): An unspecified quantity. 数量不详。

Examples: Australian political parties are trying to increase the number of women in their party. 示例：澳大利亚政党正努力增加其政党中的女性人数。

A number of our meetings discussed the shortage of production equipment. 我们的一些会议讨论了生产设备短缺的问题。

number (n): A sequence (also called a "string") of alphabetic letters and natural numbers that uniquely identifies a person, a car or other object. 由字母和自然数组成的序列（也称为“字符串”），可唯一标识人、汽车或其他物体。

Example: When we drive into our local car park, cameras record our car's number. 示例：当我们开车进入当地停车场时，摄像机会记录我们的车号。

number (n, [SL:]) A piece of clothing. 一件衣服。

Example: Alice dressed in a little black number to go on a date. 示例：爱丽丝穿着黑色小号码去约会。

number (n): A magazine, newspaper etc which is part of a series. 作为系列的一部分的杂志、报纸等。

Example: The earliest numbers of "Radio TV and Hobbies" magazines are collectors' items, and quite valuable. 例：最早的《广播电视与爱好》杂志是收藏品，价值不菲。

number (v): number, numbers, numbering, numbered.

To label objects with numbers. Also said as "to assign numbers to". 用数字标记对象。 也称“给数字赋值”。

Example: John assigned serial numbers to 50 completed circuit boards. 示例：约翰为 50 个完整的电路板分配了序列号。

number (v): To amount to a specified number of people or objects. Also said as "to comprise". 达到一定数量的人或物。 亦称“包括”。

Example: Visitors to the exhibition numbered more than 25,000. 示例：参观展览的人数超过 25,000。

The tool kit numbers twenty drills and five screwdrivers. 工具包有 20 个钻头和 5 个螺丝刀。

number (v): To include some person or object as a member of a group. 将某些人或对象包括为组的成员。

Example: The school numbers three PMs (= Prime Ministers) among its past pupils. 示例：学校过去的学生中有 3 位 PM（= 总理）。

number (adj): Note pronunciation - this is a homograph! The comparative form of the adjective "numb" - in other words, more numb. 注意发音——这是同形异义词！形容词“麻木”的比较级——换句话说，更麻木。

Example: It was a freezing day and Frank could feel his fingers getting number. 示例：那是一个寒冷的日子，弗兰克能感觉到他的手指在变数。

NUT 坚果 / 拾坚果

nut (n), nuts (pl): A fruit with a hard shell. 一种带有坚硬外壳的水果。

Example: You need to use a hammer or a nutcracker to open a nut! 示例：您需要使用锤子或胡桃夹子打开螺母！

nut (n): A flat piece of metal or hard plastic, with a threaded hole in it, for screwing onto a bolt for fastening objects together. 一块扁平的金属或硬塑料，上面有一个螺纹孔，用于拧到螺栓上以将物体固定在一起。

Example: John fitted a new filter to the pump and tightened its nuts. 示例：John 在泵上安装了一个新过滤器并拧紧了螺母。

nut (n, [SL:]) A crazy person. Also called a "lunatic", "loony", "cuckoo", "fruitcake", "weirdo" or "crackpot". 一个疯狂的人。 也被称为“疯子”、“疯子”、“布谷鸟”、“水果蛋糕”、“怪人”或“疯子”。

Example: Some nut carrying a gun was running through a park, with Police chasing him. 例子：一个拿着枪的疯子跑过公园，警察在追他。

nut (n, [SL:]) A person's head. Also called a "noggin", "noodle" or "bonce". 一个人的头。 也称为“noggin”、“noodle”或“bonce”。

Example: This doorway is quite low! Watch your nut! 例子：这个门口很低！ 小心你的坚果！

nut (n, [SL:]) A person who is very enthusiastic about something. 一个对某事非常热情的人。

Example: Fred is a sports car nut. 示例：Fred 是一个跑车迷。

nut (v): nut, nuts, nutting (note double-T), nutted (note double-T). To gather nuts. 收集坚果。

Example: In cold climates, nutting is a popular activity during Autumn. 示例：在寒冷的气候中，坚果是秋季流行的活动。

nut (v, [SL:]) To hit someone deliberately with your head. Also called "head-butt". 故意用头撞人。 也称为“头撞”。

Example: A friend of Betty's was out night-clubbing, and got nutted by an angry drunk. 例子：贝蒂的一个朋友出去夜总会，被一个愤怒的醉汉弄疯了。

nut (n) [SL:] = A testicle. 一个睾丸。

Example: The soccer player kicked at the ball, missed, and kicked another player in the nuts. 示例：足球运动员踢球，未命中，然后将另一名球员踢入坚果中。

ODD 奇 / 奇怪 / 可能性

odd (n), odds (pl): In mathematics, slang for an odd number. 在数学中，俚语是奇数。

Example: 19, 77 and 123 are odds. 示例：19、77 和 123 是赔率。

odds (pl): The chances of success. 成功的机会。

Example: David made the swimming finals, but the odds of him doing well were poor because competition was fierce. 示例：大卫进入了游泳决赛，但由于竞争激烈，他表现出色的可能性很小。

"odds on" = Success is likely. 成功是有可能的。

Example: Our local footy team is playing well, and are odds on to win the competition. 示例：我们当地的足球队踢得很好，很有可能赢得比赛。

odd (v): There is no verb "odd". 没有动词“奇怪”。

odd (adj), odder, oddest: Strange or unusual. Also said as "eccentric", "queer", "peculiar" or "unexpected". 奇怪或不寻常。 也称“古怪”、“酷儿”、“奇特”或“出乎意料”。

Examples: It's odd to have such cold weather leading up to summer. 示例： 在夏天到来之前，天气如此寒冷，这很奇怪。

John's electric drill started making an odd sound. 约翰的电钻开始发出奇怪的声音。

odd (adj): For an integer number, not evenly dividing by 2. The opposite of "even". 对于整数，不能被 2 整除。“偶数”的反义词。

Example: 19, 77 and 123 are odd numbers. 示例：19、77 和 123 是奇数。

odd (adj): Something that does not happen often, or at regular times. Also called "sporadic". 不经常发生或不定期发生的事情。 也称为“零星”。

Example: Betty is super-busy at work, but gets an odd Sunday to herself. 示例：贝蒂在工作中非常忙碌，但她自己却有一个奇怪的星期天。

odd (adj): Separated from a group, or left over when other objects in the group have been matched. 从组中分离，或在组中的其他对象已匹配时遗留。

Example: Muriel found an odd sock in a drawer, and went looking for its mate. 示例：Muriel 在抽屉里发现了一只奇怪的袜子，并去寻找它的伴侣。

odd (adj): Not matched to others in a group. 与组中的其他人不匹配。

Example: Bert realised that he was wearing odd socks. 示例：伯特意识到他穿着奇怪的袜子。

oddly (adv): In an odd way. 以一种奇怪的方式。

Example: We saw a person behaving oddly in the school grounds, so we called the Police. 示例：我们在校园里看到一个人行为古怪，所以我们打电话给警察。

-odd (adj): When it follows a number, "-odd" means "approximately". 当它跟在一个数字之后时，“连字符奇数”的意思是“大约”。

Example: It's 14-odd kilometres to the next town. 示例：距离下一个城镇大约 14 公里。

OFF 离开 / 离 / 隔断 / 右 / 饐

off (n, singular): The side of a cricket pitch to which a batter's toes point when they are batting. Also called "offside". 击球手击球时脚趾指向的板球场一侧。 也称为“越位”。

Examples: The batter drove the ball hard to the off. 示例：击球手用力将球击出。

The batter hit the ball in the air to the offside. 击球手将球击向空中越位在先。

Two fielding positions in cricket are "mid-off" and "long-off". 板球中的两个防守位置是“中场”和“远场”。

off (v): off, offs, offing, offed. [SL:] to kill. 杀。

Example: The thief tried to cheat his mates, so they offed him. 例子：小偷试图欺骗他的伙伴，所以他们杀了他。

"in the offing" = close in distance or time. 距离或时间近。

Example: Fred joined the party because there was lots of alcohol in the offing. 示例：弗雷德参加聚会是因为即将有很多酒。

off (adj), more off, most off: Feeling or performing worse than usual. 感觉或表现比平时差。

Examples: "I feel a bit off after all that partying last night." said Fred. 示例：“昨晚参加了那么多派对后，我感觉有点不舒服。” 弗雷德说。

Jan was having an off day, with shoulders that ached as she massaged. 简正在休息一天，她按摩时肩膀酸痛。

off (adj): For food, not fresh. Also called "spoiled" or "rancid" or "on the nose". 对于食物，不新鲜。 也称为“变质”或“腐臭”或“在鼻子上”。

Example: "Something in the fridge smells off!" said Frank. 例如：“冰箱里的东西有异味！” 弗兰克说。

"offside" = the side of a vehicle that is normally furthest from the kerb - the driver's side. 车辆通常离路缘最远的一侧 - 驾驶员一侧。

Example: One of the car's offside tyres blew out. 示例：其中一辆汽车的越位轮胎爆胎。

off (adj): For a machine, not working. 对于一台机器，不工作。

Examples: Bert turned the TV off using its remote control. 示例：Bert 使用遥控器关闭了电视。

Alice turned off all the lights when she left the house. 爱丽丝出门时关掉了所有的灯。

Following a bad storm, our electricity was off for three days. 一场大风暴过后，我们断电了三天。

off (adv): Away from here. 离这里很远。

Examples: The robber saw the Police arriving and ran off. 例子： 强盗看到警察到达并逃跑。

Fred's girlfriend was angry. She got in her car and drove off. 弗雷德的女朋友很生气。 她上了她的车，开走了。

off (adv): Being removed. 被移除。

Example: Arriving at work, Betty took off her coat. 示例：到了工作地点，贝蒂脱掉了外套。

"to round off" = to bring something to an end. 结束某事。

Example: We rounded off the year with record sales in June (= the end of a financial year in Australia). 示例：我们在 6 月份（= 澳大利亚财政年度结束时）以创纪录的销售额结束了这一年。

"well-off" (adj): Quite rich. 相当丰富。

Example: With a comfortable home, no mortgage and good superannuation, Muriel and Frank are well-off. 例子：有一个舒适的家，没有抵押贷款和良好的退休金，穆里尔和弗兰克很富裕。

"badly-off" or "poorly-off" (adj): Quite poor. 相当穷。

Example: Renting a home, jobless and relying on Unemployment Benefit, the family are poorly-off. 例子：租房子，失业，靠失业救济金，家境贫寒。

off (adj): For food on a menu, not available. 对于菜单上的食物，不可用。

Example: "I'm sorry" said the waitress, "but barramundi is off the menu tonight". 例如：“我很抱歉”女服务员说，“但是澳洲肺鱼今晚不在菜单上”。

off (pre): Moving away from. Revise Lesson 63 for a thorough look at prepositions! The opposite of "on". 搬离。 复习第 63 课以彻底了解介词！ “开”的反义词。

Example: The glass fell off the table and smashed. 例子：玻璃从桌子上掉下来砸碎了。

OFFER 议案 / 提供 / 献

offer (n), offers (pl): A proposal, presenting something to someone for them to accept, or not. Also called a "suggestion". 一种提议，向某人提出一些东西让他们接受或不接受。 也称为“建议”。

Examples: Bert was made an offer of a beer. 示例： Bert 收到了一份啤酒的报价。

Bert accepted his mate's suggestion of a beer. 伯特接受了他的伴侣关于喝啤酒的建议。

Alice was made an offer of a higher-paid job. 爱丽丝收到了一份薪水更高的工作。

Alice accepted her Boss's proposal of a higher-paid job. 爱丽丝接受了老板提出的一份高薪工作的建议。

At an auction, the highest offer wins. 在拍卖会上，出价最高的获胜。

For two weeks, our local toy shop has a 20% discount offer. 两周内，我们当地的玩具店提供 20% 的折扣优惠。

offer (n): In law, a proposal to sign a binding contract. 在法律上，建议签署具有约束力的合同。

Example: Do you want to make an offer for this house? 示例：您想为这所房子出价吗？

offer (v): offer, offers, offering, offered.

Presenting something to someone for them to accept, or not. 向某人展示一些东西，让他们接受或不接受。

Examples: One of Bert's mates offered him a beer. 例子：Bert 的一个朋友给了他一瓶啤酒。

Alice was offered a higher-paid job. 爱丽丝得到了一份薪水更高的工作。

Alice understands what a promotion can offer. Alice 了解促销活动可以提供什么。

For two weeks, our local toy shop is offering a 20% discount. 两周内，我们当地的玩具店提供 20% 的折扣。

We offered $ 1.2 million for the house. 我们为这所房子出价 120 万美元。

offer (v): To present a prayer, or some object, to a god. 向神献上祈祷或某物。

Example: The townspeople offered prayers that the virus would stay away. 示例：市民祈祷病毒远离。

"to offer violence" = to threaten someone. 威胁某人。

Example: The woman told Police that her husband had offered violence when she tried to leave him. 示例：该女子告诉警方，她的丈夫在她试图离开他时提出了暴力行为。

"to offer resistance" = to oppose, to stand up to someone or some event. 反对，反对某人或某事。

Example: We need to offer some resistance to the developer's plans for an apartment tower. 示例：我们需要对开发商的公寓楼计划提出一些反对意见。

offer (v): To show that you are willing to do something. 表明你愿意做某事。

Example: One of Frank's friends offered to fix his lawnmower. 示例：弗兰克的一位朋友提出要修理他的割草机。

"to offer up" = to put something in a position, ready for adding it to an existing object. 将某物放在某个位置，准备将其添加到现有对象中。

Example: John offered up the pulley and screwed it tightly to the shaft. 示例：约翰提供皮带轮并将其拧紧在轴上。

ON 上 / 关于 / 上面/H1>

on (n, singular): The side of a cricket pitch to which a batter's back points when they are batting. Also called "onside". 击球手在击球时的背部所指向的板球场一侧。 也称为“旁”。

Examples: The batter hooked the ball hard to the on. 示例： 击球手用力将球勾住。

The batter hit the ball in the air to the onside. 击球手在空中将球击向内侧。

Two fielding positions in cricket are "mid-on" and "long-on". 板球中的两个守备位置是“中场”和“长场”。

on (v): There is no verb "on". 没有动词“on”。

on (adj): For a machine, working. The opposite of "off". 对于一台机器，工作。 “关”的反义词。

Examples: Bert turned the TV on using its remote control. 示例：伯特 使用遥控器打开电视。

Alice turned on the lights in the dining room when she arrived home. 回到家后，爱丽丝打开了餐厅的灯。

Following a bad storm, it was three days before our electricity was back on. 一场大风暴过后，三天后我们才重新通电。

"onside" = the side of a vehicle that is normally closest to the kerb; - the passenger's side. 车辆通常最靠近路缘的一侧； 乘客一侧。Also called the "nearside". 也称为“近边”。

Example: Bert was clumsy parking and scraped his car's onside on a parking meter. 示例：伯特停车很笨拙，并在停车计时器上刮了他的车的侧面。

"not on" = not acceptable. 不能接受的。

Example: Behaving like that in front of guests is not on. 例子：在客人面前那样做是不对的。

on (adv): Being replaced. 被取代。

Example: Leaving work, Betty put on her coat. 示例：下班后，贝蒂穿上外套。

on (adv): In contact with something. 接触某物。

Example: Frank put the lid on a can of paint. 例子：弗兰克把盖子盖在一罐油漆上。

on (adv): Continuing an action. 继续一个动作。

Example: The politician droned on with his speech. 示例：这位政治家继续演讲。

on (adv): For an event or performance, happening. 对于事件或表演，正在发生。

Example: There's a lot on at our local Fair this weekend! 示例：本周末我们当地的博览会有很多活动！

"you're on!" = for a performer, starting their performance. 对于表演者，开始他们的表演。

Example: The producer slapped the singer on the back. "You're on!" he said. 例子：制作人扇了歌手的背。 “轮到你了！” 他说。

"later on" = later. 之后。

Example: "We'll see you at the party later on!" 示例：“我们稍后在派对上见！”

on (pre): Touching and held up by an object. 触摸并被物体托起。

Example: Muriel put the kitchen chairs on the table so she could clean the floor. 示例：Muriel 将厨房椅子放在桌子上，以便她可以清洁地板。

Revise Lesson 63 for a thorough look at prepositions! The opposite of "off". 复习第 63 课以彻底了解介词！ “关”的反义词。

OPEN 公开 / 开阔 / 打开 / 开放

open (n), opens (pl): A competition for which anyone may qualify to compete. 任何人都可能有资格参加的比赛。

Example: The Australian Open is the first international tennis competition every year.

open (n): For electricity, a break in the current. 对于电力，电流中断。

Example: John's tester showed an open in a connecting lead. 示例：约翰的测试仪显示连接导线断路。

"into the open" = in public view. 在公众看来。

Example: The enquiry into "Car Park Rorts" brought pork barrelling into the open. 示例：对“Car Park Rorts”的调查使猪肉桶公开。

open (v): open, opens, opening, opened.

To move a door or window that you can walk or lean through it. Also said as "unlock" or "unbolt". 移动您可以步行或倾斜穿过的门或窗户。 也称为“解锁”或“解锁”。

Example: Fred opened the door and went out. 示例：弗雷德打开门走了出去。

open (v): To unroll or unfold something, and perhaps spread it out. 展开或展开某物，也许将其展开。

Examples: John opened the book to page 72. 示例：约翰打开书到第 72 页。

Alice opened a map of the Train Network. 爱丽丝打开了一张火车网络的地图。

Frank opened the bag, pulled out a tarpaulin and spread it over his car. 弗兰克打开袋子，拿出一块防水油布，把它铺在他的车上。

The kookaburra opened its wings and flew up into a gum tree. 笑翠鸟张开翅膀，飞上一棵桉树。

open (v ): To prepare a building, park etc for people to visit. 准备建筑物、公园等供人们参观。

Example: Every year Melbourne has an "Open Gardens" weekend, when people open their beautiful gardens to visitors. 示例：每年墨尔本都有一个“开放花园”周末，人们向游客开放他们美丽的花园。

open (v): To set up a new business. 建立新的业务。

Example: Aldi recently opened a new supermarket quite close to us. 示例：Aldi 最近在离我们很近的地方开了一家新超市。

open (v): For electricity, to make a break in a circuit, generally by flicking a switch. 对于电，通常通过轻按开关来断开电路。

Example: The electrician opened the circuit so she could work safely on our house. 示例：电工打开了电路，以便她可以在我们家安全地工作。

open (v): To make something more possible. 让事情变得更有可能。

Example: By setting up an embassy in Jakarta, the Australian Government opened the way for closer diplomatic ties with Indonesia. 示例：通过在雅加达设立大使馆，澳大利亚政府为与印度尼西亚建立更密切的外交关系开辟了道路。

open (v): To begin something. 开始某事。

Examples: The concert opened with a school choir singing the National Anthem, "Advance Australia Fair". 示例：音乐会以学校合唱团唱国歌“Advance Australia Fair”开场。

Negotiations on a wage rise opened with the AANMF(= Amalgamated Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation, Australia's largest union). 与 AANMF（澳大利亚最大的工会澳大利亚护理和助产士联合会）开始就工资上涨进行谈判。

Muriel took her grand-daughter to open a savings account at the local bank. 穆丽尔带着她的孙女在当地银行开设了一个储蓄账户。

"to open with a bang" = to begin in an exciting way. 以令人兴奋的方式开始。

Example: The concert opened with a bang, playing Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture". 示例：音乐会在一声巨响中拉开帷幕，演奏的是柴可夫斯基的“1812 序曲”。

open (v): In cricket, to begin a side's innings as one of the first two batters. 在板球中，作为前两名击球手之一开始一方的局。

Example: David was asked to open the batting for his team, although he prefers to come in at number 4 or 5. 示例：David 被要求为他的球队开始击球，尽管他更喜欢排在 4 号或 5 号位。

"an opener" = a batter who opens an innings. 开局的击球手。

Example: Within 5 minutes, both openers had been bowled out. 示例：在 5 分钟内，两个揭幕战都被淘汰出局。

"an opener" = an object for opening things such as cans and bottles. 用于打开诸如罐头和瓶子之类的东西的物体。

Example: Muriel said to Frank "Have you seen the can-opener that usually lives in this drawer?" 示例：穆里尔对弗兰克说：“你有没有看到通常放在这个抽屉里的开罐器？”

open (v): In computing, to load a file into memory for viewing or editing. 在计算中，将文件加载到内存中以供查看或编辑。

Example: Sandra opened a database for updating. 示例：Sandra 打开了一个数据库进行更新。

open (adj): Not blocked up. 没堵。

Example: In winter, roads in Victoria's alpine region are kept open using snowploughs. 示例：在冬季，维多利亚州高山地区的道路使用铲雪机保持畅通。

open (adj): Not covered. Also said as "exposed" or "uncovered". 不包括。 也称为“暴露”或“未覆盖”。

Examples: Frank's vegetable garden is open to bad weather. He plans to build a greenhouse, to cover it. 示例：弗兰克的菜园对恶劣天气开放。 他计划建造一个温室，把它盖起来。

There's nothing as cozy in winter as an open fire! 冬天没有什么比明火更舒适的了！

open (adj): Not folded. 没有折叠。

Example: The sun has not yet risen, and no flowers in the park are open yet. 例：太阳还没升起，公园里的花还没开。

open (adj): For a business, allowing customers to enter and trade. 对于一个企业，允许客户进入和交易。

Examples: Our local library is open until 8 pm on weekdays. 示例：我们当地的图书馆在工作日开放至晚上 8 点。

This special offer on iPads is open only until midnight Friday! iPad 的特别优惠仅开放至周五午夜！

open (adj): Available for anybody. 任何人都可以使用。

Example: Free charging is open to all electric vehicles at our shopping centre. 示例：我们购物中心的所有电动汽车均可免费充电。

open (adj): For a person, frank and communicative; not given to deception or concealment. Also said as "candid", "straightforward" or "guileless". 为人，坦诚，善于交际； 不被欺骗或隐瞒。 也被称为“坦率”、“直率”或“朴实无华”。

Example: Alice has an open personality, perhaps a bit guileless or naive. She suffered when the handsome Accounts Clerk dumped her. 示例：爱丽丝的性格很开放，也许有点天真或天真。 当英俊的会计文员甩了她时，她遭受了痛苦。

open (adj): For a decision or argument, not final. 对于决定或论点，不是最终的。

Examples: The Coroner returned an open verdict on the person's death. 示例：验尸官对该人的死亡做出了公开裁决。

After leaving secondary school, Australian children can take a "gap year" holiday, before starting University, leaving their subject choices open. 中学毕业后，澳大利亚的孩子们可以在开始大学之前度过一个“间隔年”假期，让他们的科目选择开放。

open (adj): The opposite of "closed". 与“关闭”相反。

Examples: The border between Western Australia and the rest of the country is now open. 示例：西澳大利亚州和澳大利亚其他地区之间的边界现已开放。

open (adj): For electricity, having a break in the current. 对于电力，电流中断。

Example: John's tester showed that the extension cable was open. 示例：John 的测试仪显示延长线是开路的。

open (adj): In medicine, a wound that means that your skin no longer covers your internal organs. 在医学上，伤口意味着您的皮肤不再覆盖您的内脏。

Examples: An open fracture is one in which a bone sticks through the skin. 示例：开放性骨折是骨头刺穿皮肤的骨折。

Frank was clumsy when fixing a window, and cut his arm open on a piece of glass. 弗兰克修窗户的时候很笨拙，他的胳膊被一块玻璃割破了。