第 160 课：并且、或者、不、要么、也不、也不

Lesson 160: And, Or, Not, Either, Neither, Nor

AND 和

This is a group of "conjunctions" (joining words) with many uses in English. 这是一组在英语中有多种用途的“连词”（连接词）。

and (conj): Joins two parts of a sentence. 和（连词）：连接句子的两个部分。

Examples: Bert and Ernie. 例子：伯特和厄尼。

Our team was disappointed and tired. 我们的团队感到失望和疲惫。

Muriel and Frank kissed and hugged each other. 穆里尔和弗兰克互相亲吻和拥抱。

and (conj): Shows that two (or more) things must be true for some event to happen or be true. 和（连词）：表明两个（或更多）事物必须为真才能发生某个事件或为真。

Example: Only when the door is closed and the start button is pushed will the microwave oven start. 示例：只有当门关闭并按下启动按钮时，微波炉才会启动。

"and so on" = together with similar objects or actions. “等等”= 与类似的物体或动作一起。

Examples: Sandra enjoys outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, camping, and so on. 示例：桑德拉喜欢户外活动，如徒步旅行、骑自行车、露营等。

The expo covered topics like artificial intelligence, machine learning and so on. 本届博览会涵盖人工智能、机器学习等主题。

Betty's team is responsible for managing project timelines, budgets, communication, and so on. 贝蒂的团队负责管理项目时间表、预算、沟通等。

"and all" = everything. “和所有”=一切。

Example: A friend of Betty bought a farm: house, land, sheds and all. 示例：贝蒂的一个朋友买了一个农场：房子、土地、棚屋等等。

"AND gate" = a 2-input (or more) logic element (for example, in a semiconductor chip) where input 1 AND input 2 have to be true, for the output to be true. “与门”= 2 输入（或更多）逻辑元件（例如，在半导体芯片中），其中输入 1 AND 输入 2 必须为真，输出才为真。

Example: John designed a 3-input AND gate into a circuit. 示例：约翰在电路中设计了一个 3 输入与门。

OR 或者

or (conj): Presents a choice between two or more options. 或（连词）：提供两个或多个选项之间的选择。 Often preceded by the word "either", as in this example. 通常前面带有“either”一词，如本例所示。

Example: You can choose either tea or coffee with your breakfast. 例如：您可以选择茶或咖啡搭配早餐。

or (conj): Shows that only one thing, from a choice of two (or more) must be true for some event to happen or be true. 或（连词）：表明从两个（或更多）选择中只有一件事必须为真，某些事件才会发生或为真。

Examples: Inserting the key into the ignition or pressing the remote button will start the engine. 示例：将钥匙插入点火开关或按下远程按钮将启动发动机。

You can choose to attend either the morning session or the afternoon session of the seminar. 您可以选择参加上午的研讨会或下午的研讨会。

"OR gate" = a 2-input (or more) logic element (for example, in a semiconductor chip) where only input 1 OR input 2 has to be true, for the output to be true. “或门”= 2 输入（或更多）逻辑元件（例如，在半导体芯片中），其中只有输入 1 或输入 2 必须为真，输出才为真。

Example: John designed a dual 2-input OR gate into a circuit. 示例：约翰 在电路中设计了一个双 2 输入或门。

NOT 不是

not (adv): Indicates the opposite of something. 不是（副词）：表示某事的反面。 In English grammar, it "negates" it. 在英语语法中，它“否定”它。

Examples: John does not like cheesy pizza. 示例：约翰不喜欢俗气的披萨。

Fred does not like to get out of bed early. 弗雷德不喜欢早起床。

"NOT gate" = a logic element where the output is the opposite of the input. “非门”= 输出与输入相反的逻辑元件。In other words, the input is negated. 换句话说，输入被否定。The gate is also known as an "inverter" because it inverts the input. 该门也称为“反相器”，因为它反转输入。

Example: John designed a triple inverter into a circuit. 示例：约翰在电路中设计了一个三重逆变器。

COMBINATIONS 组合

AND, OR and NOT can be combined in more complicated sentences. AND、OR 和 NOT 可以组合成更复杂的句子。

Example: Fred and his girlfriend want to watch a movie, but they are not sure if they should choose a comedy or a drama. 示例：弗雷德和他的女朋友想看电影，但他们不确定应该选择喜剧还是戏剧。

The word "but" shows a contrast between their wish to see a movie. and the uncertainty about which type to choose. “但是”这个词表明了他们想看电影的愿望之间的对比。 以及选择哪种类型的不确定性。

"Or" is used to give a choice between two types of movies. “或”用于在两种类型的电影之间进行选择。

"Not" is part of the phrase "not sure," showing uncertainty. “Not”是“不确定”的一部分，表示不确定。

EITHER .. OR 两者任一

"either" with "or" shows a choice between two options. “either”与“or”表示两个选项之间的选择。

Example: You can have either tea or coffee with your breakfast. 例如：早餐时可以喝茶或咖啡。

"Either" has two pronunciations: “要么”有两种发音："either / either".

NEITHER .. NOR 既不也不

"neither" with "nor" shows a choice between two options, but in a negative sense. “neither”与“nor”表示在两个选项之间进行选择，但具有消极意义。

Examples: Neither Frank nor Muriel likes spinach. 示例：弗兰克和穆里尔都不喜欢菠菜。

Fred's girlfriend expected to hear from Fred last night, but she neither received a phone call nor got a text message. 弗雷德的女朋友昨晚预计会收到弗雷德的消息，但她既没有接到电话，也没有收到短信。

"Neither" has two pronunciations: “都不是”有两个发音："neither / neither".

COMBINATIONS 组合

EITHER, NEITHER and NOR can be combined in more complicated sentences. EITHER、NEITHER 和 NOR 可以组合成更复杂的句子。

Example: Alice can either choose to go to the party or stay at home, but neither the first option nor the second appeals to her. 示例：爱丽丝可以选择去参加聚会或留在家里，但第一个选择和第二个选择都不吸引她。

"Either" shows the choice between going to the party or staying at home. “任何一个”表示参加聚会或呆在家里之间的选择。

"Or" connects the two choices. “或”连接两个选择。

"Neither" shows Alice's negative thought about both choices. “两者都不是”显示了爱丽丝对这两种选择的消极想法。