课 159: 测量单位

Lesson 159: Units of Measurement

Australia uses the metric system for most quantities. 澳大利亚对大多数数量使用公制。

This uses decimal numbers with "multipliers", also called "powers of ten". 这使用带“乘数”的十进制数,也称为“十的幂”。

Here is a list of multipliers, starting with the smallest. 这是乘数列表,从最小的开始。

pico p one-million-millionth (0.000000000001) 百万分之一

nano n one-thousand-millionth (0.000000001) 千分之一

micro u one-millionth (0.000001) 百万分之一

milli m one-thousandth (0.001) 千分之一

centi c one-hundredth (0.01) 第一百

deci d one-tenth (0.1) 十分之一


no multiplication (1) 没有乘法

deca da ten (10) 十

hecto h one hundred (100) 一百

kilo k one thousand (1,000) 一千

mega M one million (1,000,000) 一百万

giga G one thousand million (1,000,000,000) 十亿

tera T one million million (1,000,000,000,000 一百万百万


Here are lists of different types of measurements and how to say and write them correctly. 以下列出了不同类型的测量以及如何正确表达和书写它们。

Length, metre (m). Examples: kilometre (km = 1000m), millimetre (mm = 0.001m), centimetre (cm = 0.01m). 长度,米(m)。 示例:公里 (km = 1000m)、毫米 (mm = 0.001m)、厘米 (cm = 0.01m)。

Weight, grams (g). Examples: kilogram (kg = 1000g), milligram (mg =0.001g), microgram (ug = 0.000001g). 重量,克(g)。 示例:千克 (kg = 1000g)、毫克 (mg = 0.001g)、微克 (ug = 0.000001g)。

Weight, tonnes (t). A tonne is 1000 kg. 重量,吨 (t)。 一吨是1000公斤


Area, square metre (= 1m x 1m), hectare (ha = 100m x 100m). 面积、平方米 (1m x 1m)、公顷 (ha = 100m x 100m)。

Temperature, degrees Celsius (also called centigrade) (deg C). Examples: 25 deg C is a mild day, 1000 deg C is the melting point of steel. 温度,摄氏度(也称为摄氏度)(deg C)。 示例:25 摄氏度是温和的天气,1000 摄氏度是钢的熔点。


Time, second (s). Examples: microsecond (us = 0.000001s), millisecond (ms = 0.001s). 时间,秒。 示例:微秒 (us = 0.000001s)、毫秒 (ms = 0.001s)。

Time: minute (min) = 60 seconds. 时间:分钟(min)=60秒。

Time: hour (hr) = 60 minutes. 时间:小时 (hr) = 60 分钟。


Energy, joule (J). 能量,焦耳 (J)。You won't hear this word often, because there are other units of energy. 你不会经常听到这个词,因为还有其他能量单位。 For example, the calorie (cal) and kilocalorie (kcal), which is 1000 calories. 例如,卡路里(cal)和千卡(kcal),即1000卡路里。

When people talk about the energy in food as "calories", what they mean is kcals. 当人们将食物中的能量称为“卡路里”时,他们指的是千卡。

Power, watt (W). This is the rate at which energy is used. So 1 W = 1 J/s. 功率,瓦(W)。 这是能量的使用率。 所以 1 W = 1 J/s。 Examples: milliwatt (mW = 0.001W), kilowatt (kW = 1000W), megawatt (MW = 1,000,000W). 示例:毫瓦 (mW = 0.001W)、千瓦 (kW = 1000W)、兆瓦 (MW = 1,000,000W)。


Speed, km per hr, also written kph or km/hr. 速度,公里每小时,也写作 kph 或 km/hr。

Volume, litre (L). A litre is the volume of a cube that is 0.1m on each side. 体积,升 (L)。 一升是每边 0.1m 的立方体的体积。 Examples: millilitre (mL = .001L). 示例:毫升 (mL = .001L)。

Noise (sound pressure), bels (B).

Example: decibels (dB = 0.1B). A soft sound is about 40dB, a loud sound 90dB. 噪音(声压),贝尔 (B)。 示例:分贝 (dB = 0.1B)。 轻声约40dB,响亮声90dB。


Computer storage, byte (also B). 计算机存储,字节(也称为 B)。

Examples: kB, kilobyte, is actually 1024 bytes, being a power of 2. MB, megabyte, is 1024 kB. GB, gigabyte, is 1024 MB. TB, terabyte, is 1024 GB. 示例:kB,千字节,实际上是 1024 字节,是 2 的幂。MB,兆字节,是 1024 kB。 GB,千兆字节,即 1024 MB。 TB,太字节,是 1024 GB。

Blood pressure, millimetre of mercury, mm Hg. 血压,毫米汞柱,毫米汞柱。Usually given as two figures, for example 120 / 70. 通常以两位数字给出,例如 120 / 70。The first figure is the "systolic" pressure, when the heart's pressure is at maximum. 第一个数字是“收缩压”,即心脏压力最大时的压力。The second is the "diastolic" pressure, the minimum. 第二个是“舒张压”,最低值。


There are older "imperial" units which many Australians still use, coming from an English heritage. 许多澳大利亚人仍在使用来自英国遗产的较旧的“帝国”单位。 They are still preferred units in the United States. 它们仍然是美国的首选单位。

length: mile (mi = 1.6 km) 长度:英里(mi = 1.6 公里)

nautical length: nautical mile (nm = 1.1 mi or 1.76 km ) 航海长度:海里(nm = 1.1 mi 或 1.76 km )

speed: miles per hour (mph = 1.6 km/hr) 速度:英里每小时 (mph) = 1.6 km/hr

nautical speed: nautical mile per hour (knot, kt = 1.76 km/hr) 航速:海里每小时(knot,kt)= 1.76 km/hr


power: horsepower, (hp or HP = 746 W) 功率:马力,(hp 或 HP= 746 W)

volume: imperial gallon (gal= 4.5 L) 体积:英制加仑 (gal = 4.5 L )

volume: US gallon (US gal = 4.0 L) 体积:美制加仑(US gal= 4.0 L)

volume: barrel (bbl, for measuring crude oil = 160 L) 体积:桶(bbl,用于测量原油= 160 L)


length: inches (in = 2.54 cm), used for TV screen diagonal measurement 长度:英寸(in=2.54厘米),用于电视屏幕对角线测量

length: foot (ft = 30.5 cm), used for the altitude of an aircraft 长度:英尺(ft=30.5厘米),用于飞机的高度

length: yard (yd = 3 ft = 36 in = 0.95m) 长度:码 (yd = 3 英尺 = 36 英寸 = 0.95m)


weight: pound (lb) = 0.455 kg 重量:磅 (lb) = 0.455 千克

weight: ounce (oz) = 1/16th lb = 28.4 gm 重量:盎司 (oz) = 1/16 磅 = 28.4 克

weight: hundredweight (cwt) = 112 lb. There is a different cwt in the US, = 100 lb, called a "short cwt". 重量:英担 (cwt) = 112 磅。在美国有一种不同的 cwt = 100 磅,称为“短 cwt”。

weight: ton = 20 cwt = 2240 lb. This is very close to a tonne, which is 2200 lb. 吨:20 英担 = 2240 磅。这非常接近一吨,即 2200 磅。


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